1. Continuous Codes and Standards Improvement
International Conference on Hydrogen Safety
Yokohama, Japan
Carl Rivkin, P.E. (presenter), Robert Burgess, and William Buttner (NREL)
19 October 2015

2. Outline
Baseline Codes and Standards for deployment of hydrogen technologies
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) code revision process
The Continuous Codes and Standards Improvement Process (CCSI)
CCSI applied to develop specific projects
Conclusions

3. Baseline Codes and Standards
Existing hydrogen technology codes and standards addressed industrial applications
New codes and standards required for initial deployment of new fuel cell technologies despite high level of uncertainty and unknowns
This phase completed in 2013
These new codes and standards will likely see significant change as deployment proceeds
Identifying required codes and standards changes is needed to match codes and standards to developing technology and information on field performance
USDOE supported this initial codes and standards development effort through:
Research on hydrogen release behavior and combustion
Component testing
Coordination of codes and standards development among Standards Development Organizations (SDOs)
Integration of release frequency data with CFD hydrogen dispersion analyses

4. The American National Standards Institute Process
Most North American Standards Development Organizations comply with the ANSI process
Key elements of this process include:
Transparent in all phases of code development
Multiple opportunities for public input and review
Balanced autonomous technical committees responsible for document development
Documented revision process
Defined committee and document scope
Required revision process to update documents

5. The CCSI Process
Given the incipient stage of hydrogen technologies deployment changes will be needed
A systematic process for making codes and standards changes should be more effective
A process that meshes with existing processes is the most efficient
The CCSI process builds on the ANSI process that most SDOs must follow

6. Continuous Codes and Standards Improvement
The Continuous Codes and Standards Improvement (CCSI) process includes:
Field evaluation of codes and standards through NREL data and other sources
Identification of issues in field performance
Prioritization of issues
Identification of research or testing required to address issues in modified codes and standards
Code proposals based on research or testing
Modified codes and standards
The CCSI process
Numerous accounts of issues with siting hydrogen storage systems per NFPA 2 and Sandia evaluation of issue
NFPA Bulk Hydrogen Storage Task formed in 2014 – NREL led with Sandia
Evaluate both gaseous and liquefied hydrogen storage requirements
Will submit proposals to modify NFPA 55 Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids Code/NFPA 2 Hydrogen technologies Code

7. CCSI Projects- NFPA Hydrogen Storage Task Group
Scope/Methodology
Setback Distances
Develop a codified technical basis for the gaseous and liquefied bulk hydrogen storage setback distances and codified safety measures that allow for reductions in setback distances that reside in NFPA 55 Compressed Gas and Cryogenic Fluids Code and NFPA 2 Hydrogen Technologies Code
Use established data sources and processes including:
-dispersion modeling of hydrogen releases to estimate impacts
- risk informed analyses to account for event frequencies
-industry knowledge of processes and incidents
-incident information in DOE and NREL data bases
Setback distances from bulk storage of up to 46 feet
For NREL high pressure system 34 feet to lot lines and air intakes

8. CCSI Projects- Hydrogen Code Improvement Group
 NREL supported code writing activity
Purpose: Enact change (improvements) in hydrogen codes and standards. Identify areas where codes and standards related to hydrogen need improvement, especially related to hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and their related infrastructure, and take action to move the needed changes forward. Emphasis will be on top tier codes and standards with a specific emphasis on:
The International Code Set (I-Codes) International Fire Code, International Building Code, International Fuel Gas Code.
NFPA 1 (Top tier model fire code for “NFPA” states)
NFPA 2, 55
Local Codes (e.g., California Fire Code, New York City Fire Code & Port Authority, City of Los Angeles)

9. CCSI Projects- Hydrogen Component Testing
ESIF high pressure test bays allow for safe operation of hydrogen systems, and end-of-life component testing
Current Projects:
PRD testing
Determine H2 induced failures in pressure relief devices
Hose testing
Determine failure modes from stressing 700-bar hoses under realistic temperature, pressure and mechanical bending conditions.
High pressure compression
Test failure modes and durability for H2 compressors
Capabilities:
High ventilation to dilute leaks.
Safely mitigates overpressure conditions, with blow out panels
Remote data and cameras
Hydrogen supply & gas monitoring
Chiller
Class 1 Div. 2
PRD:
Replicate known failure under controlled laboratory conditions
Use valves that are “designed to fail” (use of high strength material under tensile loading)
Example: NREL funded testing of glass wrapped COPV to show performance based test is capable of failing cylinder known to fail when exposed to acid
Phase I test: Laboratory control of stressors that include pressure loading and temperature cycling
Phase II test (if needed to produce failure): Additional stressors include pressure cycling, humidity, vibration, and induced flaws
Hose:
By working closely with the original equipment manufacturer, Spir Star and other stakeholders, NREL’s hose reliability R&D project aims to improve the reliability and reduce the cost of 700 bar hydrogen refueling hose assemblies.
NREL has designed a test system that unifies the four stresses to which the hose is subjected (P, T, t and Mechanical)
The high-cycling autonomous test apparatus is designed to reveal the compounding impacts of high volume 700 bar fuel cell electric vehicle refueling that has yet to be experienced in today’s low-volume market.

10. Conclusions
The CCSI process has been implemented by NREL for approximately a year but the process has already shown the potential to produce valuable results. These developing results include the following;
Evaluating bulk hydrogen storage setback distances
Drafting new code text
Hydrogen component testing
New directions;
Increased technology standardization producing more streamlined code requirements
More field data to better target maintenance and testing requirements
More integration into codes and standards requirements for conventional vehicle fuel infrastructure.

11. Thank You! ありがとう