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Introduction to Vertebrates
Welcome to Chordata Introduction to Vertebrates
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30-1 Chorates 1. Chordates belong to the phylum Chordata.
Kingdom Animalia 3.Chordates must have four characteristics: Dorsal hollow nerve cord (supporting rod) Notocord Pharyngeal pouches A tail
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2. Examples Include Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals
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4. Pharyngeal Pouches Paired structures in throat regions
Some chordates have them develop into gills used to exchange gas We are chordates so where are yours? You had as an embryo while pharynx was forming
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5. 96% of all chordates have vertebral column, or backbone
5. 96% of all chordates have vertebral column, or backbone. They are placed into the subphylum Vertebrata. The backbone replaces the notochord during development. This backbone is part of the endoskeleton (internal skeleton) Insects have exoskeletons (hard outer shell on the outside of organism)
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6. Using the image above, are vertebrates or invertebrates more evolved (complex)? How do you know?
More complex because they have adapted more complex structures over time
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7. The backbone, also known as the spine, is made of ….
Vertebrae
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8. Although all vertebrates are chordates, not all chordates are vertebrates
Tunicates Lancelets
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Amphibians An amphibian is an animal that lives part of it’s life in water and part on land
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Amphibians Amphibian means “double life”
They belong to the phylum Chordata
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Amphibians have 3 Groups
Examples include: Anura (Frogs & Toads) Urodela (Salamanders & Newts) Apoda (Caecilian)
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Amphibian Classification
Amphibians are broken down into gruops according to their body structures
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Amphibians Frogs need a moist habitat because:
Skin cannot hold in moisture Absorb oxygen through skin Lay their eggs
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Reproduction Amphibians must have water to… Reproduction (eggs are laid in water and tadpoles have gills)
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Homeostasis Homeostasis is the ability to maintain stable internal conditions Ectotherms: Do not produce much internal heat “Cold-Blooded” Endotherms: Able to regulate their internal body Temperature “Warm-Blooded”
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Ectotherms have Benefits
Frogs do not maintain their body heat Must get their heat from surrounding area Example: Sitting in sun on a lily pad When they get cold, everything slows down inside Live of body fat and go long periods of time without food
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Estivation In hot, dry climates amphibians can go through estivation
Similar to hibernation (period of inactivity) but amphibian searching for cooler spot underground
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Scientists believed they changed slowly over time from fish.
Amphibians Scientists believed they changed slowly over time from fish.
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Frog Life Cycle Eggs Laid
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Frog Life Cycle Eggs Develop
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Tadpole hatches and grows
Frog Life Cycle Tadpole hatches and grows
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Tadpole grows and begins
Frog Life Cycle Tadpole grows and begins to get appendages
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Tadpole grows and begins
Frog Life Cycle Tadpole grows and begins to get appendages
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Frog Life Cycle As the frog develops, and its tail
shrinks, it begins to move out of the water
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Frog Life Cycle Adult Frog
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