1. Cells

2. Unicellular organism undergoing cell division
The Cell Theory
All living things are composed of one or more cells.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
New cells are produced from existing cells (reproduction).
Unicellular organism undergoing cell division

3. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
No nucleus (DNA not enclosed)
DNA in nucleus
No membrane-enclosed structures
Membrane-enclosed structures
micrometers (µm)
micrometers (µm)
Evolved 3.5 billion years ago
Evolved 1.5 billion years ago
Kingdoms: Bacteria and Archaea
Kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

5. Prokaryotes (bacteria) vs. Eukaryotes (cheek cells)

6. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
What 3 structures can be found in all cells?
cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes

7. Prokaryotic Cell (Bacterial Cell)

8. Eukaryotic Cell – Animal Cell

9. Eukaryotic Cell – Plant Cell

10. Eukaryotic Cells – Animal Cell vs. Plant Cell
Which structures are unique to animal cells? Plant cells?
Animal: Centriole Plant: Large Central Vacuole, Cell Wall, Chloroplast

11. Eukaryotic Cells – Animal Cell vs. Plant Cell

12. A Cell is a Factory… security: __________________
machines/workers: _________
shipping: _________________
manufacturing/packaging: _________________
waste disposal: ____________
management: _____________
power generator: ___________
product: protein

13. Cell Membrane Double layer of lipids (fat)
A barrier that controls what enters and leaves the cell

14. Ribosome Appear as tiny, grain-like structures
Can be free in cytoplasm or stuck to ER
Protein synthesizers

15. Nucleus Contains DNA and associated proteins (chromosomes)
DNA controls cell activities by directing synthesis of proteins
Dark mass called nucleolus synthesizes ribosomes

16. Mitochondrion “Powerhouse” of the cell
Uses oxygen to convert chemical energy (food) to useable energy (ATP).
What types of cell in your body would have many mitochondria?

17. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough ER – ribosomes (makes protein)
Smooth ER – no ribosomes (makes lipids)
Lipids and proteins synthesized on the ER are packaged in vesicles for transport throughout the cell.

18. Golgi Apparatus “Post office” of the cell
Wraps proteins in sacs called vesicles and sends them out of the cell
Cells that do a lot of secreting (like the cells of glands) have many golgi bodies.

19. Lysosomes
Small vesicles filled with enzymes used to break down cellular wastes
Certain white blood cells that consume pathogens and cell debris have many lysosomes – why?
Lysosome Animation

20. Vacuoles
Vacuoles found in both plant and animal cells – large central vacuole found in plant cells only
LCV stores water and food in plant cells
When full provides pressure to keep plant upright (plants lack skeletons!)

21. Cell Walls Plant cells only (and most fungi and bacteria)
Plant cell walls made up of cellulose
Gives plant cells its fixed shape

22. Chloroplasts Plant cells only
Contains green pigment chlorophyll that traps sunlight used to make food during photosynthesis
Which part of the plant contains cells with the most chloroplasts?