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Latin America & the Caribbean
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Sierra Madre Mountains--Oriental and Occidental Rainforests
Physical Features Major Mountain ranges Andes Mountains Sierra Madre Mountains--Oriental and Occidental Rainforests Coastal Desert--Atacama Desert Amazon River Basin
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Tropical Grasslands--Pampas, Llanos
Archipelagoes groups of related islands Reversed seasons south of the Equator Volcanoes and Earthquakes
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Vertical Zonation of Climates in Mexico
Tierra Templada-temperate Tierra Fria-cold Tierra Caliente-hot
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Economic Characteristics
diverse economies subsistence farming plantation agriculture slash and burn agriculture cash crops and food crops haciendas cattle ranches and gauchos
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deforestation destruction of the rainforests oil resources--Ecuador, Venezuela, Mexico Heavy smog and pollution--Mexico City
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disparity of income distribution
NAFTA member diverse mineral resources copper in Chile iron ore in Venezuela and Brazil
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Cultural Characteristics
Indian civilizations--Aztec, Inca African traditions--slaves influences of European colonization--Spanish predominance of the Roman Catholic religion rigid social structure—no movement
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Mestizos-European and Native
location of settlements--coastal in South America Megacities with large squatter settlements rapid population growth out-migration
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music--African influences, calypso, steel drum bands, reggae
Cultural heritage music--African influences, calypso, steel drum bands, reggae traditional dances Spanish and Portuguese languages
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pyramids and cathedrals haciendas and ejidos (communal land)
Cultural landscape pyramids and cathedrals haciendas and ejidos (communal land) ruins at Machu Picchu ruins at Tikal
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From Mexico to Chile and Argentina
Latin America From Mexico to Chile and Argentina
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Mountain Ranges Sierra Madres In Mexico 3 different areas ORIENTAL OCCIDENTAL DEL SUR Andes 2nd highest range in the world. Run from Chile to Panama
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Latin America in Pictures
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Squatter City in Brazil
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Native American heritage
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Mayan
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Inca
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Inca Chieftain
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Steel Drums
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Steel Drum Band
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Cathedral in Mexico
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Cathedral in Mexico
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Macchu Picchu in Peru
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Macchu Picchu is an ancient city that the Inca claimed was the center of the earth.
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Tikal in Guatemala
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ancient Mayan city ceremonial and civic center
Tikal is the "New York City" of the Maya, its skyscraper-like pyramids soaring up out of the jungle canopy.
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Gauchos in Argentina
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ANDES
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Peaks in the ANDES
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Looking up
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Inca city of Machu Pichu
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Sierra Madres
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Sierra rocky cliffs
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Green slopes
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Looking across the range
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Amazon River Basin Over 1000 tributaries feed the Amazon River. Drains an area almost the size of the USA. Amazon 2nd largest river in the world. Drains 60 times more water then the Nile.
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Amazon River Basin (dark green)
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Grasslands Llanos In Venezuela Used for grazing and farming Pampas In Argentina Used for grazing and farming
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Cattle on the Pampas
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Shade trees on the llanos
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A small pond on the llanos
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Rainforests cover much of Latin America.
Rain forests are near the equator. Amazon rainforest covers almost 2 million acres.
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Water fall in the forest
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Driest desert in the World. Sheltered from the rainforest by the Andes
Deserts Atacama Desert Driest desert in the World. Sheltered from the rainforest by the Andes
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Atacama
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Archipelagoes (groups of islands)
Bahamas Hundreds of islands off the tip of Florida and to the North of Cuba Greater Antilles Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola
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Lesser Antilles Smaller islands to the South of Puerto Rico
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Bahamas
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Bahamas from space
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The Beach
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Warm Blue Water
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FIN
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Latin America--Test Review
What is the main language of Latin America? Spanish What is the main religion of Latin America? Roman Catholic
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Name the major mountain ranges of Mexico?
Sierra Madre Oriental and Sierra Madre Occidental What is the most important and populous region of Mexico? Central Plateau
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What do Tierra Fria, Tierra Templada, and Tierra Caliente have in common?
All are climate zones from the Latin American mountain regions Ancient Mayan ruins can be found in which region of Mexico? Yucatan Peninsula
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Which native civilization was conquered by Cortez and the Spanish in Mexico?
the Aztecs What three cultures make-up Mexico? Ancient Indian, colonial Spanish and modern Mexican
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What is an EJIDOS? Farmland owned collectively by members of a rural community What is a HACIENDA? Large Spanish-owned estates of land, usually run as a farm or cattle ranch
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Who provided the labor on the Haciendas?
Indians What is a mestizo? Person of mixed Spanish and native Indian ancestory What economic alliance is Mexico a member of? NAFTA
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What is an isthmus? A narrow strip of land with water on both sides What is the main economic activity of Central America? Agricultural
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What does an unequal distribution of wealth mean?
Most money/resources controlled by a few
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What do Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic) make up?
Greater Antilles What group was originally brought to the Caribbean to work on the sugar plantations? Africans
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What is an archipelago? Island group or island chain What is subsistence farming? Growing only enough for your use What are the tropical grasslands of South America called? Llanos and pampas
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What is the predominant climate in Latin America?
Tropical climates Does Latin America have volcanoes and earthquakes? YES What do Ecuador, Venezuela and Mexico have in common? oil
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What is the main problem in Mexico City?
Smog and pollution What mineral resources does Chile have? Copper
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What was the ancient South American native culture conquered by Spain?
Incas
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Describe Latin America’s social structure.
Rigid What 3 things do most Latin American cities have in common? Coastal, megacities, squatter settlements
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What is Macchu Picchu? Ancient Incan ruins What is the name of the ancient Mayan ruins in Guatemala? Tikal
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Name the major mountain range of South America?
Andes When it is summer in the US, what season is it in Argentina? winter
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What is the largest economic activity in Argentina’s patagonia region?
Cattle ranching What are Argentina’s cattle ranchers called? gauchos
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