1. CS1: Wireless Communication and Mobile Programming
Wireless Data Networks:
WiMAX, Bluetooth, RFID
Dr. Khaled Mahmud
Laurentian University International Global Experience Program
Summer 2016

2. Agenda
WiMAX
Bluetooth
RFID
(c) Khaled Mahmud

3. Reference Chapter 4 [TEL] Web references
(c) Khaled Mahmud

4. IEEE (WiMAX)
Standard for wireless broadband metropolitan area networks
WiMAX stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
WiMAX Forum
Promotes the implementation of by testing and certifying equipment
supports enhancements and extensions to the MAC protocols
Base station (BS) can communicate with another BS
And also directly with Subscriber Stations (SS)
(c) Khaled Mahmud

5. WiMAX Applications Suitable for Supports
Backhaul applications for business
Last mile delivery applications
Supports
simultaneous voice, video, and data transmission
Triple Play
Suitable for voice-over-IP (VoIP) connections
Enables vendors to create
Customer Premises Equipment (CPE)
WiMAX CPE devices supports
TV (video)
Telephone (voice), and
Data
on the same network
(c) Khaled Mahmud

6. WiMAX Applications (cont…)
Can be used as alternative to WiFi
Wider coverage than WiFi
Can also be deployed as a point-to-point network
Provide broadband access to rural and remote areas
Cellular phone operators can easily incorporate WiMAX networks
WiMAX MAC layer makes it easy for carriers to deploy the network
(c) Khaled Mahmud

7. Key Features 802.16 802.16a 802.16d 802.16e Spectrum 10-66 GHz
Ch bandwidth
20, 25, 28 MHz
1.5 – 20 MHz
1.75/3/3.5/5.5/7 MHz (OFDM)
1.25/3.5/7/14/28 (OFDMA)
1.25/2.5/5/10/20
Modulation
QPSK/16 QAM, 64 QAM
OFDM 256 subcarriers QPSK/16 QAM, 64 QAM
OFDM 256 subcarriers; OFDMA 2048 subcarriers
SOFDM 128/256/512/1024/2048
Bit rate
Mbps (28 MHz ch)
75 Mbps (20 MHz ch)
15 Mbps (5- MHz ch)
15 Mbps (5 MHz ch)
Ch conditions
LOS
NLOS
Typical cell radius
2-5 km
7-10 km, 50 km max
(c) Khaled Mahmud

8. WiMAX Protocol Stack
PHY layer supports multiple frequency bands and several modulation techniques
WiMAX MAC layer is connection-oriented
Includes service-specific convergence sublayers
That interface to the upper OSI layers
WiMAX offers multiple simultaneous services through the same link
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
IPv4 or IPv6
Ethernet, and
VLAN
(c) Khaled Mahmud

9. (c) Khaled Mahmud

10. Network Architecture BS- Base Station SS- Subscriber Station
CPE- Customer Premise Equipment
ATA- Analog Telephone Adapter
(c) Khaled Mahmud

11. Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)
Group of technologies that are designed for short-range communications
Eliminates the need for wires or cables to interconnect multiple devices
Advantages
WPAN devices use very little power
Short range helps maintain security and privacy
(c) Khaled Mahmud

12. Applications for WPAN Technology
Synchronizing cellular, and Smartphones
Home control systems (smarthome)
Cordless telephones
Portable device data exchange
Industrial control systems
Location — smart tags used to locate people at home or at the office
Security systems
Interactive toys
Inventory tracking
(c) Khaled Mahmud

13. IEEE 802.15.1 and Bluetooth Industry specification
Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG)
Defines small-form-factor, low-cost wireless radio communications
IEEE licensed this wireless technology
To adapt and copy a portion of the specification as the base material for
standard
Fully compatible with Bluetooth version 1.1
(c) Khaled Mahmud

14. Bluetooth Network Topologies
Type of Bluetooth Node (device)
Master: controls all of the wireless traffic
Slave: takes commands from the master
Type of network
Piconet
Scatternet
(c) Khaled Mahmud

15. Bluetooth Piconet Piconet: Bluetooth network that contains one master
at least one slave, and
uses the same channel
(c) Khaled Mahmud

16. Bluetooth Scatternet Scatternet:
Group of piconets in which connections exist between different piconets
(c) Khaled Mahmud

17. Bluetooth Protocol Stack
(c) Khaled Mahmud

18. Bluetooth Protocol Stack
TCS: Telephony Control Specification
SDP: Service Discovery Protocol
TCP/UDP
vCard/vCal
SDP IP
AT-Command
TCS Binary
OBEX
PPP
RFComm
Audio
Logical Link Control Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP)
Host Controller Interface
Link Manager Protocol (LMP)
Baseband
Bluetooth Radio
(c) Khaled Mahmud

19. Protocol Categories BluetoothCore Protocols
BT Radio
Baseband
LMP
L2CAP
SDP
Cable Replacement Protocols
RFComm
Telephony Control Protocols
TCS binary
AT commands
Adopted Protocols
PPP Bluetooth
TCP/IP
OBEX Protocols
Content Formats
(c) Khaled Mahmud

20. Bluetooth Application Models
Profile: Defines the protocols and protocol features supporting a particular usage model
Each application model in BT is realized through a profile
File Transfer
Internet bridge
LAN access
Synchronization
Headset
(c) Khaled Mahmud

21. Security in Bluetooth WPANs
Bluetooth provides security at the LMP layer
Using authentication
Authentication is based on identifying the device itself
Authentication scheme is a challenge-response strategy
Uses SAFER+ algorithm
Using Encryption
Encoding communications
ensures that the transmissions cannot be easily intercepted and decoded
Authentication key and Encryption key are different things
(c) Khaled Mahmud

22. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
Technology similar to barcode labels
Contactless
Uses radio frequency waves instead of laser light to read the product code
Stores product information in electronic tags
That contain an antenna and a chip
(c) Khaled Mahmud

23. RFID System Components
Electronic Product Code (EPC)
RFID tags
Readers
Also called interrogators
Antennas
Software
(c) Khaled Mahmud

24. RFID Categories Based on Applications Based on Power
Based on Frequency
(c) Khaled Mahmud

25. Basic Types of RFID Tags
Passive tags (most common type)
They are small, can be produced in large quantities at low cost, and do not require battery power
Use the electromagnetic energy in the RF waves
Active tags
Equipped with a battery
Can transmit the signal farther away
Have a limited life due to the battery
Beacons transmit on a periodic basis
(c) Khaled Mahmud

26. RFID Frequencies Low Frequency systems: 132.2 kHz
Short range, Low data rate, Support only slow moving objects
Used in asset tracking, security, animal identification
Higher Frequency systems: MHz, 433 MHz, 918 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5.8 GHz
Long range, Higher data rate, Support high speed objects
Used in vehicle tracking or other high speed objects
(c) Khaled Mahmud

27. RFID Applications
The potential uses for RFID are practically unlimited
Manufacturing and processing
Retail store
Time management
Automobile Security
Health Care
Transportation and logistics
Sports and Entertainment
People Monitoring, Crowds, and Access
Pharmaceuticals
Postal tracking
Animal tracking
(c) Khaled Mahmud