1. Energy and Photosynthesis

2. Energy Types of energy: Solar Wind Electrical Mechanical Hydro
“Energy is a property or characteristic of matter that makes things happen, or, in the case of stored or potential energy, has the "potential" to make things happen.”
Types of energy:
Solar
Wind
Electrical
Mechanical
Hydro
Chemical
Nuclear
Heat
Energy is neither created nor destroyed it just changes form

3. How do Organisms get Energy?

4. Autotrophs (Producers)
Have the ability to make
their own food
Photoautotrophs use sunlight
Chemoautotrophs use
inorganic chemicals found in
their environment

5. Heterotrophs (Consumers)
Organisms that use other
organisms as their food

6. Breakdown dead organisms or the waste of organisms as a food source
Decomposers
Breakdown dead organisms or the waste of organisms as a food source

7. Food Web Tertiary consumers Producer Secondary consumers
Primary consumers

8. Biological Energy (Food Energy Converted to ATP in the mitochondria)
(Adenosine triphosphate)
3 components:
1. Adenine
Nitrogen base
3. Phosphate
Group
2. Ribose
5 carbon sugar
In a cell the phosphates
are ionized

9. How Cells Use ATP Energy Equation
Release of energy
ATP
ADP + P
Storage of energy
Where does the P go?
Phosphorylation:
W + ATP -----> W~P + ADP where W is any compound, for example:
glucose + ATP -----> glucose~P + ADP
Glucose is prevented from leaving the cell with the P attached.

10. How do Cells Use ATP? Mechanical - muscle contraction, cell movement
Transport - active transport, pumping ions
Chemical - activation of molecules, biosynthesis

11. 3 negative charges bonded together - repel one another
ATP / Glucose
ATP is unstable
Why?
3 negative charges bonded together - repel one another
ATP can’t be stored

12. ATP / Glucose Within the bonds of glucose there is 90x the energy of
Glycogen is stored energy

13. So...Where does all of the ATP, Glucose, Energy.. come from?

14. What would be the reverse of this?
Photosynthesis Process that turns the sun’s energy into chemical (food) energy
6CO2 +
6H2O +
sunlight
C6H12O6 +
6O2
What would be the reverse of this?

15. Ingredients for Photosynthesis
Light Energy
Plant Pigments
Chloroplast
Electron carrier molecules - NADPH

16. What is Light? Electromagnetic spectrum - different types of radiation
Radiation is energy that spreads out as
it travels through space

17. Artist - Marco Casagrande
Photons
Artist - Marco Casagrande
Light energy
Wavelike particles
Amount of energy depends on the wavelength
Shorter the wavelength the more energy
Violet has the shortest wavelength and then the most energy

18. White Light / Visible Light 380 - 750 nm
Human eye sees different
wavelengths as different colors
The color we see is
the wavelength reflected back at us the others are absorbed

19. Plant Pigments Pigments are light absorbing molecules
Primary Photosynthetic Pigment
is Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll a absorbs violet red,
reflects blue green
Chlorophyll b absorbs blue red,
reflects yellow green
Accessory pigments:
Chlorophyll b
Carotenes - reflects orange
Anthocyanins -reflects red
Xanthopylls - reflects yellow

20. Chlorophyll a and b Always bonded to a protein Porphyrin ring
Many double bonds that allow it to absorb
solar energy and transfer the energy to an electron, exciting it to a higher energy level
The excited electron is from the protein - chlorophyll complex, and is passed on to another molecule

21. Light - Dependent Reactions
Chloroplasts
Light - Dependent Reactions
Thlakoid / Grana
Calvin Cycle
(Dark Reactions)
Stroma

22. Electron Carrier NADPH
Molecule that can capture
high energy electrons and transfer them to other molecules
NADP+ + 2e + H+
--->
NADPH

23. Light - Dependent Reactions

24. Calvin Cycle