1. Chapter 1 The Human Body: An Orientation
Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology
Seventh Edition
Elaine N. Marieb
Chapter 1 The Human Body: An Orientation
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

2. The Human Body – An Orientation
Anatomy – study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts

3. Anatomy – Levels of Study
Gross Anatomy
Large structures
Easily observable with the naked eye
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Figure 1.1

4. Anatomy – Levels of Study
Microscopic Anatomy
Very small structures
Viewed with a microscope
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 14.4

5. The Human Body – An Orientation
Physiology – study of how the body and its parts work or function.
Physiology is studied by performing various medical tests.

6. The Language of Anatomy
Special terminology is used to prevent misunderstanding
Exact terms are used for:
Position
Direction
Regions
Structures

7. Body Planes MEDIAN PLANE Also called a sagittal or midsagittal plane
RIGHT SIDE
LEFT SIDE
MEDIAN PLANE
Also called a sagittal or midsagittal plane
Divides body into right and left sides
Median section of the head/ neck
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Figure 1.6

8. Body Planes 2. FRONTAL PLANE Also called a coronal plane
Divides body into posterior (dorsal) and anterior (ventral) surfaces
POSTERIOR (DORSAL) SURFACE
ANTERIOR (VENTRAL) SURFACE
Frontal section of thoracic and upper abdominal cavities
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 1.6

9. Body Planes 3. TRANSVERSE PLANE Also called a “cross-section”
SUPERIOR PART
3. TRANSVERSE PLANE
Also called a “cross-section”
Divides body into superior and inferior parts
INFERIOR PART
Transverse section of the abdominal cavity
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 1.6

10. Orientation and Directional Terms
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Table 1.1

11. The hips are ________ to the shoulders.
The Human Body – An Orientation
The hips are ________ to the shoulders.

12. The hips are INFERIOR to the shoulders.
The Human Body – An Orientation
The hips are INFERIOR to the shoulders.

13. The head is _________ to the shoulders.
Examples of the use of orientation terms:
The head is _________ to the shoulders.

14. The head is SUPERIOR to the shoulders.
Examples of the use of orientation terms:
The head is SUPERIOR to the shoulders.

15. Orientation and Directional Terms
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Table 1.1

16. The heart is ________ to the spinal cord.
The Human Body – An Orientation
The heart is ________ to the spinal cord.

17. The heart is ANTERIOR to the spinal cord.
The Human Body – An Orientation
The heart is ANTERIOR to the spinal cord.

18. The vertebral column is ___________ to the sternum.
The Human Body – An Orientation
The vertebral column is ___________ to the sternum.

19. The vertebral column is POSTERIOR to the sternum.
The Human Body – An Orientation
The vertebral column is POSTERIOR to the sternum.

20. Orientation and Directional Terms
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Table 1.1

21. The ears are _________ to the nose.
The Human Body – An Orientation
The ears are _________ to the nose.

22. The ears are LATERAL to the nose.
The Human Body – An Orientation
The ears are LATERAL to the nose.

23. The heart is _______ to the lungs.
The Human Body – An Orientation
The heart is _______ to the lungs.

24. The heart is MEDIAL to the lungs.
The Human Body – An Orientation
The heart is MEDIAL to the lungs.

25. Orientation and Directional Terms
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Table 1.1

26. The toes are _______ to the knees.
The Human Body – An Orientation
The toes are _______ to the knees.

27. The toes are DISTAL to the knees.
The Human Body – An Orientation
The toes are DISTAL to the knees.

28. The elbow is _________ to the wrist.
The Human Body – An Orientation
The elbow is _________ to the wrist.

29. The elbow is PROXIMAL to the wrist.
The Human Body – An Orientation
The elbow is PROXIMAL to the wrist.

30. Orientation and Directional Terms
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Table 1.1

31. Body Cavities
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Figure 1.7

32. Abdominopelvic Regions
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Figure 1.8b

33. Abdominopelvic Major Organs
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Figure 1.8c

34. Body Landmarks – pg 14 (17 old book)