1. Principles of
Management
Learning Session # 11
Dr. A. Rashid Kausar

2. Re-cap of
Session # 10

3. System Levels General Specific Level Component Global
Multinational Corp.
Corporate
Corporation
Organizational
Division
Group
Work Group / Dept.
Organismic
Individual
Organic
Heart / Kidneys
Cellular
Individual Cells
Specific 9

4. System’s View of Organization
Environment
INPUTS
Human, physical,
financial, and information resources
TRANS-FORMATION
PROCESS
OUTPUTS
Products and Services
Feedback
Loops

5. Managing Systems
System - a set of interrelated and interdependent parts arranged in a manner that produces a unified whole.
System Theory provides a more general and broader picture of what managers do than the other perspectives of Management provide.

6. Organization as a System
Environmental Factors
Cultural influences
Political influences
Market influences
Customer contact
Inputs
1.Managers
2.Workers
3.Equipment
4.Facilities
5.Materials
6.Money
7.Energy
8.Information
Outputs
1.Goods
2.Services
3.Waste
4.Profits & Losses
5.Staff Growth and Satisfaction
Transformations 1 3 5 2 4
Managerial and Tech. Abilities
(POLCA & Technology)
Performance feedback
( Info about Results & Org. Status)

7. Managing Systems
Closed system - not influenced by and do not interact with their environment

8. Open system - dramatically interacts with its environment
Open system - dramatically interacts with its environment. Organizations -- take inputs from their environments and transform or process the inputs into outputs and outputs are distributed into the environment .

9. Organization As An Open System
Environment
System
Transformation
Employee’s work
activities
Management
Technology and
operations methods
Outputs
Inputs
Raw materials
Human resources
Capital
Technology
Information
Products and services
Financial results
Human results
Feedback