1. Transportation

2. Introduction
When goods or the products are ready after labeling, pricing, packing and packaging etc. done, then these goods are sent to the transport company, which helps in supplying it to the customer through land, air or sea transportation.
Thus transportation of goods or logistics is a key part of the Supply Chain Management.
Transportation is a way of moving people or things from one place to another.

3. Types of Transportation
Land
Water
Air

4. Transport Functionality & Principles
It is one of the most visible elements of logistics operations.
As consumers, we are accustomed to seeing trucks and trains moving products or parked at a distribution facility.

5. Transport Functionality
It provides two major functions
Product movement
Product Storage
Product Movement
Whether the products is in the form of materials, components, assemblies, work-in- process, or finished goods, transportation is necessary to move it to the next stage of the manufacturing process or physically closer to the ultimate customer.

6. A primary transportation function is product movement up and down the value chain.
Transportation utilizes temporal, financial and environmental resources, it is important that items be moved only when it truly enhances product value.
The major objective is to move product from an origin location to a prescribed destination while minimizing temporal, financial and environmental resources costs.
Loss and damage expenses must also be minimized.
The movement must takes place in a manner that meets customer demands regarding delivery performance and shipment information aviability

7. Product Storage-
A less common transportation function is temporary storage.
Vehicles makes rather expensive storage facilities.
if the in-transit product requires storage but will be moved again shortly (in few days), the cost of unloading and reloading the product in a warehouse may exceed the profitability.

8. Principles Economy of scale
It refers to characteristic that transportation cost per unit of weight decreases when the size of the shipment increases.
The larger the capacity transportation vehicles such as rail or water are less expensive per unit of weight than smaller capacity vehicles such as motor or air.

9. Economy of distance
It refers to the characteristic that transportation cost per unit of distance decreases as distance increases.
Eg-a shipment of 800 miles will cost less than two shipments of 400 miles.

10. Participants in Transportation Decisions
Public
Government
Shipper
Consignee (Receiver)
Carrier

11. Modal Comparison and Dominant Traffic Composition
Mode
Nature of traffic composition
Rail
Extracting industries, heavy manufacturing, Agricultural Commodities
Highway
Medium and light manufacturing, Distribution between wholesalers and retailers
Water
Mining and basic bulk commodities, chemicals, cement, some agricultural products
Pipeline
Petroleum, coal slurry, no particular commodity
Air
Emergency rather than regular basis.

12. Legal Classification of Carrier
Common Carrier
Contract Carriers
Private carriers

13. Thank You