1. ITU and its work in the field of Standardization
Presented at the
Workshop on ITU activities
Bangalore (India), August 2001 by
Houlin ZHAO
Director, Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (TSB)
International Telecommunication Union, Geneva
Place des Nations - CH-1211 Geneva 20 - Switzerland
Tel:
Fax:
ITU Home page address:

2. 1837 Invention of the first electric telegraph
1844 Samuel Morse sent his first public message over a telegraph Iine between Washington and Baltimore
1865 Foundation of the International Telegraph Union by twenty States
17 May with the adoption of the first Convention. First Telegraph Regulations.
1876 Alexander Graham Bell patents his invention of the telephone
1924 Paris - Creation of CCIF (International Telephone Consultative Committee)
1925 Paris - Creation of CCIT (International Telegraph Consultative Committee)
1927 Washington - Creation of the CCIR (Intl. Radio Consultative Committee)
1932 Madrid - Plenipotentiary Conference. Telegraph Union changes name to
International Telecommunication Union
1947 ITU becomes a Specialized Agency of the United Nations
1956 Geneva - CCIF and CCIT merged into CCITT (International
Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee)
1992 Geneva - Plenipotentiary Conference. Creation of 3 Sectors:
ITU-T replaces CCITT, ITU-R replaces IFRB, CCIR, and ITU-D replaces TCD
1999/7 ITU becomes a founding Member of PSO of ICANN
ITU Landmarks

3. New Structure of the ITU

4. CCITT (International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee):
1956 1st Plenary Assembly
1960 2nd Plenary Assembly Red Books
1964 3rd Plenary Assembly Blue Books
1968 4th Plenary Assembly White Books
1972 5th Plenary Assembly Green Books
1976 6th Plenary Assembly Orange Books
1980 7th Plenary Assembly Yellow Books
1984 8th Plenary Assembly Red Books
1988 9th Plenary Assembly Blue Books
ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union - Telecom. Standardization Sector):
1993 1st World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (WTSC-93), Helsinki
1996 2nd World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (WTSC-96), Geneva
2000 3rd World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA-2000), Montreal
CCITT and ITU-T

5. INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION (ITU)
A UN Specialized Agency
Intergovernmental organization, governments represented through
their telecommunication Administrations (constitutional Members)
Other entities (Recognized Operating Agencies, Scientific Industrial
Organizations, regional and international organizations) admitted
as Sector members
"Basic Law" = Convention and Constitution,
to be modified by Plenipotentiary Conferences
INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION (ITU)

6. "The functions of the Telecommunication Standardization Sector
shall be, bearing in mind the particular concerns of the developing
countries, to fulfill the purposes of the Union relating to
telecommunication standardization, as stated in Article 1 of this
Constitution, by studying technical, operating and tariff Questions
and adopting Recommendations on them with a view to
standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis."
Functions of ITU-T

7. Member States: 189
Sector Members: 180 ROAs (Recognized Operating Agencies -
Network and service providers)
232 SIOs (Scientific and Industrial Organiz.s -
Manufacturers)
42 others (including ISOC)
(regional, International organizations, etc.)
19 Associates
Membership of ITU-T
(by 1 August 2001)

8. Organizational Structure of ITU-T

9. Approval of new and revised Recommendations -
Sequence of events

10. AAP Sequence of events (a) 3 weeks 4 weeks LC (b) Director’s SG
Announcement
Meeting
(c)
SG or
Edited
Director’s
and Posting WP
Text
Announcement
Meeting
for LC
and Posting
3 weeks
for LC
(b)
(a) AR
(b)
Approved
Comment
(a)
Director’s
Resolution
Announcement
Director’s
Edited
and Posting
Notification
Text
for AR
Available
LC:
Last Call
AR:
Additional Review
AAP Sequence of events

11. Procedures for comments and decision-making
ITU-T studies are driven by contributions from its membership
Contributions are discussed at meetings, with assessment made by
Rapporteurs and management team of Study Groups
Study Group meetings, Working Party meetings, Rapporteur Group
meetings, Joint meetings, etc.
Electronic consultation, EDH
Working methods
Procedures for comments and decision-making

12. Approval and publication time of Recommendations
Notes: 1. Pre-published Recommendations, available on ITU-T Website, from a few days to four weeks after approval of the text.
2. Recs in force, pre-published, superseded/obsolete: available on ITU-T Website.
3. Forms of publication: paper, CD-ROM, electronic bookshop, online, etc. 
4. FREE ONLINE ACCESS SINCE JANUARY 2001 (one free access per member, 3 free downloads for public) 
5. “Approval time” counted between “determination/consent” and final approval
Approval and publication time of Recommendations

13.
Recommendations in force by the end of the period
1,280
1,600
1,897
2,625
Total pages by the
end of the period
11,600
(Red Books)
18,000
(Blue Books)
26,000
76,180
Note: Approx. 300 texts per year during
2. About 180 common texts between ITU-T and ISO/IEC JTC 1
3. ITU-T publishes handbooks and Operational Bulletin
Comparisons

14. Series A Organization of the work of the ITU-T
Series B Means of expression: definitions, symbols, classification
Series C General telecommunication statistics
Series D General tariff principles
Series E Overall network operation, telephone service,
service operation and human factors
Series F Non-telephone telecommunication services
Series G Transmission systems and media, digital systems and networks
Series H Audiovisual and multimedia systems
Series I Integrated services digital network
ITU-T Recommendations Series (1)

15. Series J Transmission of television, sound programme and
other multimedia signals
Series K Protection against interference
Series L Construction, installation and protection of cables and other
elements of outside plant
Series M TMN and network maintenance: international transmission
systems, telephone circuits, telegraphy, facsimile and
leased circuits
Series N Maintenance: international sound programme and
television transmission circuits
Series O Specifications of measuring equipment
Series P Telephone transmission quality, telephone installations,
local line networks
ITU-T Recommendations Series (2)

16. Series Q Switching and signalling
Series R Telegraph transmission
Series S Telegraph services terminal equipment
Series T Terminals for telematic services
Series U Telegraph switching
Series V Data communication over the telephone network
Series X Data networks and open system communication
Series Y Global information infrastructure
Series Z Programming languages
ITU-T Recommendations Series (3)

17. 2000 - Best selling texts (in the order of sales number):
H.323 (09/99) G.703 G Q.931 G.711 X.690 G.704
G.723 Annex A+disk V.90 E.164 X.680 H.323 (02/98)
G.692 H.263 G.729 G.826 G.957 H.225.0
G.729 Annex A+disk V.34
Some well-known ITU-T Recommendations:
E E E.212 G G G G.982 G.990-series (xDSL)
H H H H.323 H H.450 I I I J.112 J.117
M M M.3210
Q Q Q Q.1751
T T T V.44 V V V.92
X X X X.509 X X.840-series
Y Y.1540
Best Sellers

18. Three major items:
- IP-related issues
- IMT-2000
- Accounting rates
Other items:
- Multi-media, access networks (xDSL), security,
numbering and addressing, inter-operabilities, IPR, etc.
Promotion
ITU-T's main work areas

19. approved the reports for the 1997-2000 activities
approved Recommendations:
- Rec. D.140, Annex E (transitional tariff and accounting arrangements) Rec. D.50 (cost-sharing principle for internet traffic)
established a Special Study Group on IMT-2000 and beyond
Chairmen and Vice-Chairmen of SGs nominated
WTSA-2000 results

20. Recommendation A. AAP, now called “Rec. A. 8”, (Alternative Approval
Recommendation A.AAP, now called “Rec. A.8”, (Alternative Approval Procedures), quicker, WEB consultation
EDH (Electronic Data Handling);
, tele-conferencing, e-consulting, paperless meeting
Flexibility: new meeting arrangements
Resolution 17: Telecommunication standardization in relation to the interests of developing countries:
- to cooperate with ITU regional office, possibly to hold ITU-T meetings in the region;
- to strengthen cooperation with regional organizations;
- to provide free electronic access to Recommendations if approved by the Council;
- to encourage participation of developing countries in ITU-T activities;
- to hold information meetings;
- to assist developing countries with technical priority studies;
- etc.
WTSA-2000 results

21. TSAG (Telecommunication Standardization Advisory Group):
more power, including: establishment or discontinuation of Study Group(s)
- endorsement of new working methods
- review of approval procedures
- taking care of external relationships
- strategic guidance
 “Associate”: Sfr per year (1/3 of Sector Membership fee)
 Reform of ITU-T
WTSA-2000 results

22. Study Group 2: Operational aspects of service provision, networks and performance Study Group 3: Tariff and accounting principles including related telecommunications economic and policy issues Study Group 4: Telecommunication management, including TMN
Study Group 5: Protection against electromagnetic environment effects Study Group 6: Outside plant Study Group 7: Data networks and open system communications
Study Group 9: Integrated broadband cable networks and television and sound transmission Study Group 10: Languages and general software aspects for telecommunication systems
New structure (1)

23. Study Group 11:. Signalling requirements and protocols Study Group 12:
Study Group 11: Signalling requirements and protocols Study Group 12: End-to-end transmission performance of networks and terminals Study Group 13: Multi-protocol and IP-based networks and their internetworking Study Group 15: Optical and other transport networks Study Group 16: Multimedia services, systems and terminals Special Study Group: IMT-2000 and beyond
TSAG
New Structure (2)

24. WTDC-2002, March 2002, Istanbul, Turkey
PP-02, September-October 2002, Marrakesh, Morocco
World Telecom Exhibition: TELECOM 2003, Geneva, Switzerland, October 2003
World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS),
Geneva, Switzerland, December 2003
Future public activities of ITU

25. NGOs ISO,IEC, IEEE, ETSI, ECMA TTC, Committee T1, ARIB, TIA, SCTE
Intergovernment
ITU
(ITU-T and ITU-R)
NGOs ISO,IEC, IEEE, ETSI, ECMA TTC, Committee T1, ARIB, TIA, SCTE
Task Force
IETF
Forums & Consortia
1394TA 3GPP 3GPP2 AIM AMF AMI-C AOEMA AOW ATMF BINTERMS Bluetooth Cable Modems CBOP CDG CIF CII CommerceNet CommerceNet J COS CTFJ DHF DISA DOPG DSLF ECE ECHONET ECOM ECTF EDIFICE EEMA EIDX EMA EMF ERTICO EWOS FCIA FCIA-J FIPA FRF FSAN GSM Assoc. HNF Home API HomePNA HRFWG IDB Forum IFIP IFSA IMTC IMWA IrDA ITS America ITS UK JAVA JCTEA JECALS JEDIC JEMA JICSAP JIMM JMF LONMARK MCPC MDG.org MITF MMCF Mobile Web MOPA MPLSF MSForum MWIF OASIS ODVA OIF OMG OSGi PCCA PCISIG PCMCIA PHS MoU PICMG POF Salutation SCF SDR SSIPG STA TINA-C TMForum TOG TSC UMTS USBIF UWCC W3C WAP WDF Web 3D WfMC WIN Forum WLIF XTP Forum
ITU positioning

26. Company’s dues to SDOs (ITU-T Associate fee: US$ 6,000) Budget SDO
Membership fees
Note
Annual fee (US$)
(25,000,000 $)
40,000,000 SFr
ITU-T ITU-R
choice minimum
½ unit (31,500 SFr)
20,000
20,275,000 $ (21,909,000 Euros)
ETSI
obliged turnover
45 units (5,000 Euros/unit)
211,050
IETF
Depending on participation
350 $/500 $ per meeting per person, 3 meetings per year
1050/1500 x ?
1,200,000 $
ECMA
Obliged
$ 42,000 / $ 18, 000 / $ 10,000 standards free
42,000
(18,300,000 $) 29,305,000 SFr
ISO
Through national members
Shared by national members (five big members pay 9% of the budget)
(individual company up to 50,000)
(11,900,000 $) 19,000,000 SFr
IEC
(4,456,200 Euros) 4,000,000 $
3GPP
Shared by 6 SDOs
Average 500,000/SDO
1,840,000 $
3GPP2
Shared by 5 SDOs
Average
360,000/SDO
W3C
50,000 $ / 5,000 $, standards free
50,000
IEEE
5,000
2,870,000 $
ATM
obliged + meeting fees
$ 14,000/5,000/3,500/1,500, $ 250/275 per meeting 4 meetings/year, standards free
14,000+1,000/1,100 x?
(Some SDOs receive secretariat support from their members; such expenditures are not counted in the budget.)
Company’s dues to SDOs
(ITU-T Associate fee: US$ 6,000)

27. Administrations (96/2208) ROAs (87/1783) SIOs (167/1875)
U.S.A
NTT
Lucent
China 232 FT
Ericsson
Germany 187 BT
Siemens
France DT
Nortel
Russia 99
ATT
Alcatel
U.K
KDDI
CSELT 69
Canada 63
Telecom Italia
NEC 47
Japan 63
Swisscom
Nokia 46
India 62 KT
Fujitsu 42
Ukraine 58
Telenor
Telecordia 36
Italy 56
Royal KPN
Motorola
Syria 53
Telia
OKI 32
Korea 50
Telekom Austria 37
ETRI
Total: (66%)
Total: (67%)
Total: (60%)
(Note – Cisco: 13)
ITU-T Top 13 Members participation (07/98-08/00)

28. - Increase your participation in the ITU - Present your own ideas/opinions to ITU
- Add your own values to ITU
- See you in ITU activities