1. Higher Education Reform
Barcelona
12th December 2016
Eduardo Marçal Grilo

2. HIGHER EDUCATION REFORM
What are the main issues on University Reform
University Mission
Access
Students
Institutional Struture
Bologna Declaration
Governance System
Scientific Research
Professional Careers for Professors and Researches
Evaluation and Accreditation Systems
Fundraising Activities
Internationalization

3. HIGHER EDUCATION REFORM
MAIN ISSUES - for this presentation
UNIVERSITIES ARE KEY FACTORES TO SPEED-UP THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
UNIVERSITIES REFORM HAS TO BE APPROACHED ON AN INTEGRATED BASIS
EACH UNIVERSITY IS A UNIQUE INSTITUTION
WHAT IS DIFFERENT SHOULD BE TREATED DIFFERENTLY
EUROPE NEEDS DESESPARETLY TO INCREASE MOBILITY AND NETWORKING OF INSTITUTIONS
STUDENTS ARE THE ESSENCIAL ELEMENTS ON HIGHER EDUCTION - THE ACESS SYSTEMS

4. HIGHER EDUCATION REFORM
University Mission
Teaching
Research
Services
Cultural Centre
Think Tank
Provider of Racionality
Universities
Universities as very relevant instruments for creating knowledge and train high qualified human resources and
so provide economic development
However Universities are not institutions placed
upstream of the economic activities
Create Knowledge
Preserve Knowledge
Transfer Knowledeg

5. HIGHER EDUCATION REFORM
ACCESS to Higher Education (i/ii)
Who enters and who pays
How to select students - Centraly by marks or grades
By marks
By Institution interview
no interview
Financing system
NUMERUS CLAUSUS ?
FEES or NO FEES

6. HIGHER EDUCATION REFORM
ACCESS to Higher Education (ii/ii)
Who enters and who pays
Financing system
Public Institutions
Private Institutions
FEES or NO FEES
Investment in the future
Money from Tax Payers
Differenciated Fees?
By Course
By Nationality?

7. HIGHER EDUCATION REFORM
STUDENTS
Where they come from
Regular
Secundary Education
Professional Schools
Senior Students – above 23 years old
Special examination
The need for a Schooling Social Service
No one should be out of Higher Education due to economic limitations

8. HIGHER EDUCATION REFORM
INSTITUTCIONAL STRUTURE OF
HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEMS (i/ii)
Universities
Binary Sistems
Non University Higher Education Institute
How to articulate both sub-systems
Universities providing also non-university training courses

9. HIGHER EDUCATION REFORM
INSTITUTCIONAL STRUTURE OF
HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEMS (ii/ii)
American Model
Research Universities-Teaching Universities-Community Colleges
Universities
Regional Colleges
Public Universities
Private Universities

10. HIGHER EDUCATION REFORM
THE BOLOGNA DECLARATION
Curriculum Structure of the Courses
What Flexibility?
How to compatibilize with european requirements – engeneering
medicine
veterinary
architecture, etc
OBJECTIVES
Credit System
Comparability
Mobility
Quality Assurance
European Dimension
3+2+3

11. HIGHER EDUCATION REFORM
UNIVERSITY GOVERNANCE SYSTEMS (i/iv)
AUTONOMY –Scientific, Financial, Pedagogical, Administrative
INTERNAL DEMOCRACY –Elections – Rector
Directores of Departments
ACCOUNTABILITY
Who elects the Rector?
General Election or Electoral College ?

12. HIGHER EDUCATION REFORM
UNIVERSITY GOVERNANCE SYSTEMS (ii/iv)
Board of Trustees
Pedagogical Board
Scientific Board
Rector
Department 1
Director
Department 2
Board of Directors …

13. HIGHER EDUCATION REFORM
UNIVERSITY GOVERNANCE SYSTEMS (iii/iv)
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
ELECTED- Professors, Researchers, Students, Technical Staff
With members from outside of university
Who has the majority?

14. HIGHER EDUCATION REFORM
UNIVERSITY GOVERNANCE SYSTEMS (iv/iv)) THE DEFINITION OF A STRATEGY
SWOT ANALISYS
Objectives
Organization
Resources
Methologies

15. HIGHER EDUCATION REFORM
UNIVERSITY GOVERNANCE SYSTEMS (iv/iv) THE DEFINITION OF A STRATEGY
SWOT ANALISYS
Objectives
Organization
Resources
Methologies

16. HIGHER EDUCATION REFORM
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH(i/iii) Universities do not exist without Scientific Research Activities
Fundamental Research versus Applied Research
THE EUROPEAN RESEARCH AREA
The importance of Quality Assurance
Selection based on econometries or on specific papers?

17. HIGHER EDUCATION REFORM
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (ii/iii)
Professional Careers for Professors and Researches
We do not need to standardize careers in Europe
The tradition in each country
Mobilitiy is needed
Selection based on quality not on quantity
Independent Juries
Fighting against inbreeding
International competitiveness

18. HIGHER EDUCATION REFORM
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (iii/iii)
Evaluation and Accreditation
Internal Evaluation
External Evaluation
Accreditation of Teaching Courses
Independent Agency
Institutional Accreditation
RESEARCH EVALUATION

19. HIGHER EDUCATION REFORM
FUNDRAISING
Fundraising – the role of alumni
The lack of tradition in Europe
The special case of relationship
between
Universities and Foundations
Fundraising as a permanent and professional activity of the university

20. HIGHER EDUCATION REFORM
INTERNATIONALIZATION
Universities have to be international
ERASMUS – ERASMUS MUNDUS – ERASMUS +
Mobility of students, professors and researchers
Networks of institutions
Bologna Declaration
Incentives
ERASMUS_MUNDUS

21. HIGHER EDUCATION REFORM
MAIN FINDINGS (i/ii)
Universities are very relevant institutions for development based on knowledge and high qualified human resources;
Universities should be considered as priority institutions in what concerns public policies;
We have to approach University Reform on an integrated basis;
Each University is a unique institution;

22. HIGHER EDUCATION REFORM
MAIN FINDINGS (ii/ii)
What is diferente should be treated differently;
European Dimension of Universities
In Europe mobility and networks of institutions are desesparetly needed;
Europe should count on Universities to speed-up the development process.
END