1. Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration
ATP
Go to Section:

2. Cells Need Energy 1. Organisms obtain energy from food
Slide # 2
Cells Need Energy
1. Organisms obtain energy from food
2. Glucose is main source of food for cells
3. Cells break chemical bonds of glucose; energy released
4. Energy is stored in ATP
5. Making ATP is part of cellular respiration
Go to Section:

3. Cellular Respiration Equation
Slide # 3
Cellular Respiration Equation
Cellular Respiration produces carbon dioxide and water, which are used as starting materials (reactants) in photosynthesis
Enzymes
C6H12O O CO H2O + 36 ATP
Reactants
Products

4. Overview of Cellular Respiration Pathways
Slide # 4
Overview of Cellular Respiration Pathways
Glucose
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Electron transport
Fermentation (without oxygen)
Alcohol or lactic acid
Go to Section:

5. Glycolysis: Breaking Sugar
Slide # 5
Glycolysis: Breaking Sugar
1. Occurs in cytoplasm
2. Glucose (C6H12O6) is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (C3H6O3)
3. Does not use oxygen (anaerobic)
Net gain of 2 ATP’s
4 ATP produced
— 2 ATP consumed
2 ATP net gain
Also produces:
2 NADH
2 pyruvic acids
Glycolysis occurs in prokaryotes & eukaryotes
An overview of the process of glycolysis.

6. Cellular Respiration: The Krebs Cycle & Electron Transport
Go to Section:

7. Cellular Respiration
Slide # 7
1. Cellular respiration: process that releases energy by breaking the chemical bonds of glucose in the presence of oxygen.
Aerobic b/c it uses oxygen
Occurs in the mitochondria
Occurs in eukaryotic cells such as:
Go to Section:

8. After Glycolysis: Cellular Respiration
Slide # 8
After Glycolysis: Cellular Respiration
1. About 90% of energy from glucose remains in pyruvic acid
2. Purpose of the Krebs cycle:
a. Release the remaining energy & capture the highly energized electrons by NAD+ & FAD (electron carriers)
3. Produces CO2 as waste
cytoplasm

9. The Breakdown of Pyruvic Acid
Slide # 9
The Breakdown of Pyruvic Acid
1. Pyruvic acid diffuses into matrix of the mitochondria
2. Each pyruvic acid is converted into acetyl-CoA
a. Produces 2 CO2
b. Produces 2 NADH
c. Transfers hydrogen atoms & highly energized electrons to NAD+ & FAD

10. Results of the Krebs Cycle
Slide # 10
Results of the Krebs Cycle
Break down of Acetyl-CoA yields:
1 Acetyl-CoA Acetyl-CoA
1 ATP ATP
3 CO2 6 CO2
4 NADH NADH
1 FADH2 2 FADH2
ATP and CO2 diffuse out of the mitochondria
NADH and FADH2 move to the cristae

11. ETC: Oxidative Phosphorylation
Slide # 11
ETC: Oxidative Phosphorylation
1. Uses the H (carried by NADH & FADH2) to build up a H gradient in the inner membrane space to make ATPs
2. Oxygen is consumed & water produced
3. ADP is phosphorylated (to ATP) in the presence of O2
Inner Membrane Space

12. The Electron Transport Chain
Slide # 12
1. The ETC is located on inner membrane of the mitochondria. (cristae)
2. Oxygen is final acceptor of electrons.
3. Produces 32 ATP’s.
a. the most efficient form of ATP production
Proton Gradient builds up on one side of the membrane

13. The Electron Transport Chain
Slide # 13
1. NADH & FADH2 carry pairs of electrons (from glycolysis & Krebs cycle) to ETC.
As electrons are passed along ETC, the energy in the electrons is used to pump H+ into inter membrane space.
a. Creates a high concentration of H+ in inter membrane space
b. H atoms diffuse back into core of mitochondria through transport proteins (chemiosmosis)
c. Transport proteins use flow of H atoms to bond last P onto ADP to create ATP (phosphorylation)

14. Sequence these 3 Oxidative phosphorylation 1 Glycolysis 2 Krebs cycle
Slide # 15
Sequence these 3 1 2
Oxidative phosphorylation
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle