1. By Allyson Sosebee and Marcy
The Endocrine System
By Allyson Sosebee and Marcy
Villalon

2. What is it?
The endocrine system controls the way your body functions. It produces hormones that travel to all parts of your body to maintain your tissues and organs.
Areas that are governed by the endocrine system: reproduction, responds to stress and injury, growth and sexual development, body energy levels, internal balance of body systems, and bone and muscle strength

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5. Endocrine Glands include
Pineal gland: A gland found near the center of the brain that may be linked to sleep patterns.
Pituitary gland: A gland found at the base of brain behind the sinuses. It is often called the "master gland" because it influences many other glands, especially the thyroid. Problems with the pituitary gland can affect bone growth, a woman's menstrual cycles, and the release of breast milk.
Testes: The male reproductive glands that produce sperm and sex hormones.
Thymus: A gland in the upper chest that helps develop the body's immune system early in life.
Thyroid: A butterfly-shaped gland in the front of the neck that controls metabolism.
Adrenal glands: Two glands that sit on top of the kidneys that release the hormone cortisol.
Hypothalamus: A part of the lower middle brain that tells the pituitary gland when to release hormones.
Ovaries: The female reproductive organs that release eggs and produce sex hormones.
Islet cells in the pancreas: Cells in the pancreas control the release of the hormones insulin and glucagon.
Parathyroid: Four tiny glands in the neck that play a role in bone development.

6. Diseases associated with the endocrine system
Diabetes
Hypothyroidism
Thyroid Cancer
Graves Disease
Cushing Disease

7. Diabetes
A group of diseases that result in too much sugar in the blood, or high blood glucose
In 2013 it was estimated that over 382 million people throughout the world had diabetes

8. Types of Diabetes
Type 1 Diabetes - the body does not produce insulin. Approximately 10% of all diabetes cases are type 1.
Type 2 Diabetes - the body does not produce enough insulin for proper function. Approximately 90% of all cases of diabetes worldwide are of this type.
Gestational Diabetes - this type affects females during pregnancy

9. Symptoms of diabetes frequent urination intense thirst and hunger
weight gain
unusual weight loss
fatigue
cuts and bruises that do not heal
male sexual dysfunction
numbness and tingling in hands and feet

10. How to treat diabetes
If you have Type 1 and follow a healthy eating plan, do adequate exercise, and take insulin, you can lead a normal life.
Type 2 patients need to eat healthily, be physically active, and test their blood glucose. They may also need to take oral medication, and/or insulin to control blood glucose levels.

11. Hypothyroidism Your thyroid does not make enough
of the thyroid hormone
The thyroid gland secrets hormones that control your metabolism. And your metabolism controls your heart rate and how quickly your body uses the calories you intake

12. Symptoms of Hypothyroidism
Fatigue
Weakness
Weight gain or increased difficulty losing weight
Coarse, dry hair
Dry, rough pale skin
Cold intolerance (you can't tolerate cold temperatures like those around you)
Hair loss
Muscle cramps and frequent muscle aches
Constipation
Depression
Irritability
Memory loss
Abnormal menstrual cycles

13. How to treat Hypothyroidism
Using thyroid medication (levoxyl, Westhriod, etc.)
Symptoms should improve within a week and should be gone within a month

14. Thyroid Cancer
A disease when abnormal cells being to grow in you thyroid gland
Uncommon type of cancer that usually goes away with treatment but is likely to come back even years after treatment

15. Thyroid cancer symptoms
A lump that can be felt through the skin on your neck.
Changes to your voice, including increasing hoarseness.
Difficulty swallowing.
Pain in your neck and throat.
Swollen lymph nodes in your neck

16. Thyroid Cancer Treatment
The prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options depend on the following:
The age of the patient.
The type of thyroid cancer.
The stage of the cancer.
The patient's general health.
Whether the patient has multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN 2B).
Whether the cancer has just been diagnosed or has recurred (come back).

17. Graves Disease
Graves' disease is an immune system disorder that results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism).
it's more common among women and before the age of 40.

18. Graves Disease Symptoms
Anxiety and irritability
A fine tremor of your hands or fingers
Heat sensitivity and an increase in perspiration or warm, moist skin
Weight loss, despite normal eating habits
Enlargement of your thyroid gland (goiter)
Change in menstrual cycles
Erectile dysfunction or reduced libido
Frequent bowel movements
Bulging eyes (Graves' ophthalmopathy)
Thick, red skin usually on the shins or tops of the feet (Graves' dermopathy)
Rapid or irregular heartbeat (palpitations)

19. Graves Disease Treatment
Prescription
Hormones: Propylthiouracil, Methimazole (Tapazole)
Other treatments: Propranolol
Procedures: Radiation therapy
Other treatments: Thyroidectomy, Radioactive iodine therapy

20. Cushing Disease
A condition that occurs from exposure to high cortisol levels for a long time.
Is caused by a tumor or sometimes hypercortisolism, which is the use of oral corticosteroid medication.

21. Cushing Disease Symptoms
Fatigue
hair loss,
swelling in extremities,
Irritability,
insomnia,
weight gain,
easy bruising
headache,
round face from gradual swelling
infertility
stretch marks,
darkening of the skin,
acne
depression or anxiety
muscle weakness or loss of muscle
Osteoporosis
excess sweating,
excessive hunger,
high blood pressure,
flushing,
excessive hairiness

22. Cushing Disease Treatment
Transsphenoidal surgery
Medication
Radiation Therapy
Reducing corticosteroid use