1. English Language Arts/ Literacy Six Instructional Shifts
focus on Shifts 2 and 3

2. Shift 2: Knowledge in the Disciplines
Literacy standards (6-12) are predicated on teachers in ELA, social studies, science and technical subjects using their content area expertise to help students meet the particular challenges of reading, writing, speaking, listening and language in their respective fields.

3. Instructional implications
All content area teachers teach literacy in their discipline Build background knowledge to increase reading skills Teach different strategies for different types of text Explicitly teach students how to use text as source of evidence—topic and opinion writing Teach use of primary and secondary sources

4. Goals of Shift 2
* School-wide content-area literacy * Students build content knowledge through reading text and writing about what they read * Students apply literacy skills with content area texts; including primary and secondary documents * Teaching of discipline-specific reading and writing strategies vs. a generic list of strategies * Students read and write for multiple audiences and purposes across disciplines

5. Shift 3: Staircase of text complexity
Students will:
Build background knowledge through the reading of complex texts
Read literature and informational text of appropriate complexity
Apply close reading strategies to reading literature and informational text
Systematically read increasingly difficult levels of text (each grade level a “staircase step” of growth)
Be provided scaffolding and support -not substitutions of easier text

8. Quick Reference Chart for converting multiple measures into common core grade bands

9. Quantitative Analysis Tools
ATOS Analyzer – Renaissance Learning
Degrees of Reading Power® – Questar
(Contact Questar with requests for text analysis.)
The Lexile Framework® – MetaMetrix
Coh-Metrix Easability Tool – University of Memphis (For Flesch-Kincaid measure)
(Beta site)
Reading Maturity – Pearson Knowledge Technologies
(Beta site)
SourceRater – Educators Testing Service
(Beta site)

10. Where do we find texts in the appropriate text complexity band?
We could….
* Choose from text exemplars found in Appendix B
or…
* Use available resources to determine the text complexity of materials

11. Time to practice… Review Test Exemplars (Appendix B)
Use online tools and handouts to determine
complexity measures of texts