1. Sex and Your Body
Chapter Five

2. Figure 5.1 The female sex organs
Insert Figure 5-1 The Female sex organs to know:
Labia majora and minora

3. Figure 5.2 The male sex organs
Insert Figure 5-2 The male sex organs to Know:
Penis
The glans
Corpus spongiosum
Urethra
Scrotum
Function: Allows for sperm development at a temperature cooler than the body (93.6 degrees F)
Testes
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Prostate gland
Cowper’s glands
Seminal vesicles
Circumcision

4. MALE CIRCUMCISION

5. Hormones and The Reproductive Life Cycle
Sex Hormones
Functions of sex hormones include: development of secondary sex characteristics, sperm and egg
Sex hormones are produced from several endocrine glands:
Hypothalamus produces hormones that control what the pituitary releases (releasing and inhibiting hormones)
Pituitary gland produces LH and FSH
Adrenal gland produces androgens
Testes produce testosterone
Ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone

6. Differentiation of the Embryo
Determined by the fertilizing sperm at the time of conception
Conception - combining of 23 pairs of chromosomes
Of the 23 pairs, one pair are called sex chromosomes
Eggs carry an X sex chromosome
Sperm can carry either an X or Y sex chromosome
XX provides the blueprint to produce a female; XY provides the blueprint to produce a male (biological sex).

7. Female Sexual Maturation
Physical changes begin around 8-13 with breast development and rapid body growth between 9 and 15.
The 4 Phases of the Menstrual Cycle
Menses
Days 1-5
Estrogenic phase
Days 6-13
Ovulation phase
Day 14
Progestational phase
Days 15-27

8. Figure 5.4 The menstrual cycle

9. Menstrual Problems Dysmenorrhea
Cramps, bloating, & nausea, etc. associated with the menstrual cycle
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)– often occurs 1 or 2 weeks before a woman’s period
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) – more severe than PMS, may require pharmaceutical treatment
Lifestyle changes to reduce symptoms of PMS
Limit salt intake
Exercise
Don’t use alcohol or tobacco
Eat a nutritious diet
Relax

10. Male Sexual Maturation
Begins about 10 or 11 years old
Normally occurs 2 years later than girls
Physical changes
Testicular growth
Growth of the penis and pubic hair
Voice deepens
Increase in height
Sperm production begins at puberty

11. Sexual Response Cycle
Four phases typically characterize the sexual response cycle:
Excitement phase
Plateau phase
Orgasmic phase
Refractory period in males
Resolution phase

12. 1: Excitement Phase
10 – 30 seconds after stimuli = vaginal lubrication
Tenting = body of the uterus begins to ascend
Clitoris enlarges & labia minora swell

13. 2: Plateau Phase Continued tenting Vaginal walls swell
Upper part of vagina
expands

14. 3: Orgasmic Phase Contractions in uterus Strong muscular
vagina

15. 4: Resolution phase If no effective stimuli is present system
returns to normal
Uterus lowers
Vagina returns to
normal size etc.

16. 1: Excitement phase Vasocongestion causes erection of penis
Skin of scrotum tenses and causes testes to elevate

17. 2: Plateau Phase Pre-ejaculatory emission from Cowper’s gland
Prostate gland, glans and testes enlarge

18. The refractory period follows an orgasm and varies based on age
3: Orgasmic phase
Contractions in penis, urethra, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, cause semen to be expelled
The refractory period follows an orgasm and varies based on age

19. 4: Resolution phase
Vasocongestion ebbs
System returns to normal

20. Aging and Human Sexuality
Women
Menopause = Ovaries gradually cease functioning
Decreasing estrogen levels
Increased risk of disease
Men
Gradual decrease of testosterone
Loss of energy/sex drive/stamina

21. Medical Conditions Affecting female Reproductive Organs
Endometriosis- growth of endometrial outside of uterus
Vaginitis-inflammation of the vagina caused by a variety of things; characterized by discharge, irritation, etc.
Vaginismus – powerful contractions of vagina that can prevent penetration of any type
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease- Infection of uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes; 50-75% of PID are caused by STDs

22. Medical Conditions Affecting male Reproductive Organs
Prostatitis–inflammation of the prostate
Bacterial, viral or STD infections can cause acute prostatitis
Testicular cancer
Most common in men btwn. Ages of 15-34

23. Male and female sexual dysfunctions
Common sexual dysfunctions
Men –
Erectile dysfunction -inability to get or keep an erection
Premature ejaculation- uncontrolled ejaculation before or shortly after penetration
Delayed ejaculation- when it takes a prolonged period of sex for a man to ejaculate; may not be able to ejaculate
Women –
Orgasmic dysfunction-inability to reach an orgasm
Decreased libido- low sex drive
Treatment
Physical examination
Pharmaceuticals
Relaxation and massage techniques

24. Sexual behavior Gender Roles and Gender Identity
Gender Role: societal norms dictating the types of behaviors which are generally considered acceptable, appropriate, or desirable for people based on their actual or perceived sex
Gender Identity: personal conception of oneself as male or female
Biological Sex and gender identity don’t always match; may cause a person to question their sexuality