1. PRE-STAMPEDE MONITERING AND ALARM SYSTEM
Project Title
PRE-STAMPEDE MONITERING AND ALARM SYSTEM
Under the Guidance of
Submitted by

2. ABSTRACT
This project will help us develop a pedestrian flow prediction and risk management system in most of pilgrimage places, in buses and may apply to many other shopping districts. In this project development process, number of push button are set, depending upon the number of switches pressed by the pedestrians will give an signal to a programmable microcontroller of 8051 family conducts the transistor and in turn buzzer sounds indicating the pedestrians are crowded. The status is displayed on the LCD.

3. PROJECT BLOCK DIAGRAM

4. HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
TRANSFORMER (230 – 12 V AC)
VOLTAGE REGULATOR (LM 7805)
RECTIFIER
FILTER
MICROCONTROLLER (AT89S52/AT89C51)
LED
PUSH BUTTONS
BUZZER
BC547
1N4007
RESISTOR
CAPACITOR

5. POWER SUPPLY Bridge rectifier 5v Regulator 230 V AC 50 Hz 5V DC
Filter(470µf)
12V step down
transformer

6. It is a smaller computer Has on-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...
MICROCONTROLLER
It is a smaller computer
Has on-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...
RAM
ROM
I/O Port
Timer
Serial COM Port
Microcontroller
CPU
A single chip

7. INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF A MICRO CONTROLLER-AT89S52/51
CPU
On-chip RAM
On-chip ROM for program code
4 I/O Ports
Timer 0
Serial Port
OSC
Interrupt Control
External interrupts
Timer 1
Timer/Counter
Bus Control
TxD RxD
P0 P1 P2 P3
Address/Data
Counter Inputs

8. Features of AT89S51/52 Compatible with MCS®-51 Products
8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory
Endurance: 10,000 Write/Erase Cycles
4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz
256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
32 Programmable I/O Lines
Three 16-bit Timer/Counters
Eight Interrupt Sources
Full Duplex UART Serial Channel
Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode
Watchdog Timer
Dual Data Pointer

9. Pin Description
Pin Description

10. LEDS
LEDs are semiconductor devices are made out of silicon,When current passes through the LED, it emits photons as a byproduct. Normal light bulbs produce light by heating a metal filament until its white hot
LEDs present many advantages over traditional light sources including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved robustness, smaller size and faster switching

11. BUZZER
Piezo Buzzer
This buzzer is an piezo type audio signaling device, which has a piezo
element and a oscillating circuit inside which oscillates the piezo brass base
plate, which when given voltage difference produces sound of a predefined
frequency.
Features
These high reliability piezo buzzers are applicable to general electronics equipment.
Compact, pin terminal type Piezo buzzer with 4 KHz output.
Pin type terminal construction enables direct mounting onto printed circuit boards.

12. BC547 The BC547 transistor is an NPN Epitaxial Silicon Transistor.
The BC547 transistor is a general-purpose transistor in small plastic packages.
It is used in general-purpose switching and amplification BC847/BC547 series 45 V, 100 mA NPN general-purpose transistors.
Whenever base is high, then current starts flowing through base and emitter and after that only current will pass from collector to emitter

13. Schematic diagram

14. Software requirements
Keil an ARM Company makes C compilers, macro assemblers, real-time kernels, debuggers, simulators, integrated environments, evaluation boards, and emulators for ARM7/ARM9/Cortex-M3, XC16x/C16x/ST10, 251, and 8051 MCU families.
Compilers are programs used to convert a High Level Language to object code. Desktop compilers produce an output object code for the underlying microprocessor, but not for other microprocessors.

15. Contd..
i.e., the programs written in one of the HLL like ‘C’ will compile the code to run on the system for a particular processor like x86 (underlying microprocessor in the computer).
For example compilers for Dos platform is different from the Compilers for Unix platform  So if one wants to define a compiler then compiler is a program that translates source code into object code.

16. BIBILOGRAPHY ATMEL 89S52 Data Sheets. www.atmel.com

17. QUERIES ?

18. THANKYOU