1. Genetically Modified Organisms André van Loon VROM-Inspectorate The Netherlands
Notes

2. Introducing myself André E. van Loon
Inspectorate of the Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment, The Netherlands
3,5 years, full time inspector GMO’s
Associate professor Biology (Developmental biology)
Molecular biology
PhD viruses
High sense of responsibility
Cool
Love my work

3. Today:GMOs Introduction to inspections Contained use Field trials
Exercise
Field trials
Market release
International cooperation and information

4. Any Questions?
Please ask them
At any time
Interactive session

5. Introduction General background The inspector and his powers
Steps to take
Types of inspections
International information and cooperation

6. Background: A way to think
Policy life cycle:
Recognition of the problem
Formulation policy strategy
Solving the problem
Maintenance 1 2 3 4

7. Background: Why non-compliance
Table of 11
Cause
What can you do about it
Compliance assistance

8. Non-compliance (1) Knowledge of legislation
Cost benefits of compliance
Acceptance
Moral standards
Social control
Is legislation known; is it clear. Improve by: clear text, provide info
Financial and economical. improve by: publication of offender
Is the law reasonable; accepted do people feel responsible. Improve by: devsie law together with people who have to comply
Loyality of people to authoroties; respect. Improve by: Difficult to remedy, education?
How do people feel about about law; other control mechanisms like audits, etc.. Improve by: inform people

9. Non-compliance (2) Risk of notification of violation
Risk of inspection
Effectiveness of inspection
Selectivity of inspection
Probability of sanctions
Severity of sanctions
6. Do people notify violations. Improve by: Enable anonymous notification
7. Percieved risk. Improve by: Provide information about inspections.
8. If inspected what is risk of detecting violations. Improve by: inspectors should be smart or at least give the impression they are.
9. Violators should think they are inspeted more frequently. Improve by focus inspection on risk groups.
10. Perception by inspected population; are violations easy to prove? Improve by not too may dismissals, mind load to judges.
11. Are sanctions known and damaging to repuation? Improve by: if not don’t make herous.

10. Introduction General background The inspector and his powers
Steps to take
Types of inspections
International information and cooperation

11. The Inspector and his/her powers
The law
Procedures
Permit
Conditions
Framework of inspections
Thy shall inspect!

12. Inspector has power to Enter premises Stop the work Remedial measures
GMO related!
Stop the work
Remedial measures
inspected, yourselves, others
Penalties
Five levels
– CZK

13. Inspector must Present your warrants Act proportional
€ !!

14. Inspector’s skills Legal training Interpersonal skills
To the point
Decisive
Persuasive
Honesty/integrity
Technical knowledge
Investigative skills

15. Inspector’s skills Representative of government
Ask, you don’t know everything
Mistakes ??
Keep goal in mind
No needless confrontation
Dialogue
Understand and agree with recommendations

16. Steps to take 4 1 3 2 THE INSPECTORATE YOUR INSPECTIONS 1
Recognition problem/goal
Mission
Personal task 2
Formulation strategy
Prepare & plan
Prepare checklist etc. 3
Execution - solving
Progress control
The visit itself 4
Maintenance evaluation
Evaluation & report
Improvements -check

17. The steps you take 4 1 3 2 THE INSPECTORATE YOUR INSPECTIONS 1
Recognition problem/goal
Mission
Personal task 2
Formulation strategy
Prepare & plan
Prepare checklist etc. 3
Execution - solving
Progress control
The visit itself 4
Maintenance evaluation
Evaluation & report
Improvements -check

18. The steps Plan Prepare Visit Report/enforcement Contained use
Last Bullet: In presentation of contained use more detail on spes to take.

19. Introduction General background The inspector and his powers
Steps to take
Types of inspections
International information and cooperation

20. Types of inspections Contained use Deliberate release Market release
Risk assessment of work has been done!

21. Relation Contained use Deliberate release Market Labs Greenhouses
Animal units
Deliberate release
Gene therapy
Field trails
Size
Market
Problem of illegal activity
Time

22. Increase knowledge with scale Reduce restrictions and uncertaintiesCU DR
Small 5X<1 ha
Medium <10
Large scale >10
Market
unlimited
contained
Confined to field
Outside field
Little or no restrictions
No restrictions
GENERAL SURVEILLANCE
100 % SAFEE
MONITORING

23. Types of inspections Contained use Deliberate release Market release
98% of permits in the Netherlands
Investigate
Deliberate release
Interaction with environment
Market release
Safe (?)

24. Introduction General background The inspector and his powers
Steps to take
Types of inspections
International information and cooperation

25. International
Information

26. International Cooperation of inspectors http://eep-mon.iitb.fhg.de/
Restricted use

28. Introduction General background The inspector and his powers
Steps to take
Types of inspections
International information and cooperation

29. Questions Discussion