1. The Circulatory System
For Complete Notes, Log Into Edmodo.com and Jot Down Dr.Kauffman’s Notes.

2. REMINDERS
TEST on the Circulatory System scheduled for Tuesday, 03/13/12
You are responsible for completing the NOTES listed under edmodo over the weekend—this includes both links on the circulatory system. Make sure you have your account set up and addthe Biology Group (use code: 9wqjke)

3. BIOLOGY TUTORING EVERY TUESDAY AFTER SCHOOL IN THIS CLASSROOM!
MANDATORY IF YOU HAVE AN “NP” AS YOUR GRADE FOR THE CLASS
You’ll have the opportunity to:
A. get the help you need
B. turn in missing assignments
C. Re-take Exit-Slips
D. boost your grade
NOTE: ALL “NP” grades as of now will get parent phone calls as needed until grade goes up

4. What is the Role of the Circulatory System?
To exchange materials and energy with the environment.

5. Even More Specifically…
The Circular System transports materials and waste away from animal cells in the event that diffusion does not suffice.
Wait… what exactly is diffusion?
The process by which a substance, or groups of particles, moves from one area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
This is particularly why certain organisms, like jellyfish, are able to transport materials freely (by the process of diffusion), and therefore, do not require such a complex circular system like humans and other vertebrates require
So it can be said then, that jellyfish and other simple kinds of organisms DO NOT need circular systems due to diffusion

6. Diffusion

7. HOWEVER!!!
Organisms that are too large for diffusion DO require the pathways of the circulatory system so that they can transport material and waste throughout the body—this is essential to your living!
The reason why you function—AKA, why your cells have oxygen and blood, and get rid of waste, and most importantly, WHY YOU’RE ALIVE—is all thanks to the wonderful inner-workings of your circulatory system

8. So What Are The Pathways and How Does the System Work?
Excellent question!
To answer that, you must understand that there are TWO main types of circular routes
1. The first is OPEN: fluids, like blood, can flow freely to cells (Interstitial fluids—the blood within the cells)
2. The second is CLOSED: here, blood is confined in the blood vessels and uses the heart to pump the blood to the vessels—veins, arteries, capillaries, etc..

9. Which Organisms Have OPEN Circular Systems?
Examples include: mollusk and insects
Why is it an OPEN system?
Because the heart pumps blood to the vessels with openings, which fills the cells with blood. These open filled spaces are called sinuses. By this process, cells are literally bathed in blood, which is rich in oxygen and in nutrients!
Look at Dr.Kauffman’s notes on pg. 2 for more information regarding mollusk’s and insects’ specific OPEN systems

10. Which Organisms Have CLOSED Systems?
Any organism with several pathways and circuits where blood can flow. So in this case, blood does not “bathe cells” as easily as with the Open systems
VERTEBRATES HAVE CLOSED SYSTEMS!!!
If you’d like more information, see Dr.Kauffman’s notes on pg. 3

11. CLOSED SYSTEMS ARE ALSO KNOWN AS CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS
Closed System=Cardiovascular System
And remember that this is the system of VERTEBRATES

12. Functions of the Cardiovascular System
Transport nutrients throughout the body!!! (from digestive system and other storage deposits)
Transport oxygen to the rest of the body!!!
(from the respiratory system)
Transport waste AWAY from cells TO excretory systems!!!
Transport hormones for regulation
Maintain fluid balance (of cell concentrations)
Distribute metabolic heat to maintain a stable temperature of the body
Maintain pH levels

13. What Makes Up the Cardiovascular System?
1. THE HEART: which pumps the blood
2. TUBES: to transport the blood
Guys, what “tubes” am I referring to?
Hint: Think about the word bank on your last Exit-Slip
3. The ORGANS it interacts with
4. And BLOOD!

14. How Does the System Function?
WITH BLOOD!
Composed of:
Plasma water, salt, minerals, and other compounds being transported
Red Blood Cells produced in the bone marrow
Function? Transport Oxygen
Health Connection: People with anemia (shortage of hemoglobin) do not produce enough of these red blood cells
Why don’t they? Dr. Kauffman lists 3 main reasons. Look at your notes! (pg. 4)

15. Also Composed Of:
White Blood Cells Function? These cells protect and defend against harmful bacteria or other harmful viruses
Health Connection: Leukemia—this is when the body has too many White Blood Cells multiplying rapidly. People with Leukemia often die because all of their blood (at higher amounts) stays in the body and does not clot; OR, they die of simple infections that the body cannot fight off (no ability to transport waste)
THE GOOD NEWS: Advances in science have led us to more Leukemia therapies, which have been more successful in recent years; now the survival rate is over 90%.
Platelets/Trombocytes Function? Bundles of cytoplasm from cells are fundamentally responsible for clots
Health Connection: Hemophilia—the inability of your body to form clots. Essentially, one could die of a simple paper cut!

16. This PowerPoint Was Made Possible Thanks To Dr.Kauffman’s Notes
To Access These Notes:
Log on to edmodo.com and add the Biology Group if you haven’t already done so using the following code: 9wqjke
NOTE: I will check these notes on Tuesday for a grade!!!