1. The History and Evolution of the Internet
Web Design – Section 1-1

2. The Internet
Objective: To understand the design of the Internet

3. Question
What is the Internet?

4. The Internet
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that interchange data by packet switching using the standardized Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP).
Now consists of millions of private and public, academic, business, and government networks linked by copper wires, fiber-optic cables, wireless connections, and other technologies.

5. The Internet
Partial map of the Internet based on the January 15, 2005 data. This graph represents less than 30% of the reachable internet.
Colors:
Dark blue: net, ca, us
Green: com, org
Red: mil, gov, edu
Yellow: jp, cn, tw, au, de
Magenta: uk, it, pl, fr
Gold: br, kr, nl
White: unknown
English: Partial map of the Internet based on the January 15, 2005 data found on opte.org. Each line is drawn between two nodes, representing two IP addresses. The length of the lines are indicative of the delay between those two nodes. This graph represents less than 30% of the Class C networks reachable by the data collection program in early Lines are color-coded according to their corresponding RFC 1918 allocation as follows:
Dark blue: net, ca, us
Green: com, org
Red: mil, gov, edu
Yellow: jp, cn, tw, au, de
Magenta: uk, it, pl, fr
Gold: br, kr, nl
White: unknown

6. The Internet
Another way to look at a map of the internet is look at the traffic to certain sites.
The map of the Internet is a photo shot of the global network as of end of It encompasses over 350 thousand websites from 196 countries and all domain zones.
 The red zone at the top corresponds to Russian segment of the net, the yellow one on the left stands for the Chinese segment, the purple one on the right is Japanese, the large light-blue central one is the American segment, etc.

7. A Brief History of the Internet
The Internet began as ARPAnet, a U.S. Department of Defense project to create a nationwide computer network that would continue to function even if a large portion of it were destroyed in a nuclear war or natural disaster.
USSR launches Sputnik.
US forms the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA to establish US lead in science and technology applicable to the military

8. A Brief History of the Internet
1962 –J.C.R. Licklider of MIT pictured a globally interconnected set of computers through which everyone could quickly access data and programs from any site. He called it the "Galactic Network" concept.
Thomas Merrill and Lawrence G. Roberts connected a computer in Massachusetts to one in California with a low speed dial-up telephone line creating the first wide-area computer network.
The physical network was constructed linking four nodes: University of California at Los Angeles, SRI (in Stanford), University of California at Santa Barbara, and University of Utah

9. A Brief History of the Internet
October 29, 1969 – The first message is send on the ARPANET. This record is an excerpt from the log at UCLA:
I was supervising the student/programmer Charley Kline (CSK) and we set up a message transmission to go from the UCLA SDS Sigma 7 Host computer to the SRI SDS 940 Host computer. The transmission itself was simply to "login" to SRI from UCLA. We succeeded in transmitting the "l" and the "o" and then the system crashed! Hence, the first message on the Internet was "Lo". We were able to do the full login about an hour later.
1971 – The first 15 nodes are created on ARPANET

10. A Brief History of the Internet
Ray Tomlinson modifies program for ARPANET where it becomes a quick hit. sign was chosen for addresses.
First international connections to the ARPANET
ARPANET grinds to a complete halt on 27 October 27th due to a virus
The U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) initiated the development of the NSFNET which, today, provides a major backbone communication service for the Internet.

11. A Brief History of the Internet
1992 – The term “Surfing the web” is coined by coined by Jean Armour Polly
1994 – You can order pizza from Pizza Hut online
W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) is formed.
W3C mission is:
“To lead the World Wide Web to its full potential by developing protocols and guidelines that ensure long-term growth for the Web.”
W3C primarily pursues its mission through the creation of Web standards and guidelines. Since 1994, W3C has published more than 110 such standards

12. The Internet Definitions
Browser: The tool used to access the internet. Examples are Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari and now Chrome.
Hyperlink: A word, phrase or picture that when clicked will take the user to another location.
HTML (HyperText Markup Language): The language of the web
URL (Uniform Resource Locator): Tells where a file is located among all the computers that are part of the Internet
Format: protocol://domain/path

13. The Internet Definitions - URL
protocol://domain/path
Protocol:  tells the computer what kind of coding to expect.
(hypertext transfer protocol) is the most common
ftp:// (File Transfer Protocol)
Domains:
.com for commercial, .gov for government, .edu for educational institution, .org for organization, .mil for military, and .net for network.
Can also reflect the country (

14. W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)
Established in 1994
Tim Berners-Lee has served as the director
Based at MIT
W3C (World Wide Consortium)
Established in 1994 to develop standards and guidelines for the Web
Tim Berners-Lee has served as the director
Based at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) 14

15. The First Generation of Web Design
Static pages
Navigation hyperlinks
Guest books
Forms sent via
Early example
First Generation Web Design
Static pages with basic structures
Navigation achieved by clicking hyperlinks
Use of guest books
Forms sent via
Early examples 15

16. The First Generation of Web Design
Non-compliance with standards by browsers
Limited by technology
Small monochrome monitors
Dial-up connectivity
Slow Internet connection
First Generation Web Design
Non-compliancy of standards by browsers
Pages not rendered properly in all browsers
Limited by technology
Small monochrome monitors
Dial-up connectivity
Slow Internet connection 16

17. Second Generation of Web Design
Online presence for businesses was essential
Interactivity of the Web
24-hour access
Global reach
Ability to present product information 17

18. Second Generation of Web Design
Intuitive, user-friendly navigation system
Use of forms
Focus on content
Banners, frames, and tables
Blinking text, hit counters, marquees
“This site is best viewed in …” 18

19. Third Generation of Web Design
Sites designed to target specific audience
Focus on content
Intuitive, user-friendly navigation systems
Use of forms, splash page, CSS, and portals 19

20. Fourth Generation of Web Design – Web 2.0
Participatory, interactive, and personalized
Compliance with Web standards
Consistent design for professional look
Usability and accessibility issues
Careful selection of typography 20

21. Fourth Generation of Web Design
Dynamically-generated content by the user
Content-authoring tools for editing
Internet privacy
Social networking, video sharing
Rounded corners, subtle 3D effects
Larger text 21

22. Fourth Generation of Web Design
Open Source
File Sharing
Freemium Business Model
Web Services 22

23. New Tools of Web 2.0 Wikis Blogs
Podcast (derived from iPod and broadcast)
New Tools of Web 2.0
Wiki allows users to modify online content using authoring tools
Blog is derived from Web log which is an online conversation, commentary, or journal
Podcast is derived form iPod and broadcast which is a digital file consisting of music, audio, and video converted into an MP3 file or other format to be played on a computer or hand-held device 23

24. Summary Work During this lesson, you learned:
The History and Impact of the Web
The Evolution of Web Design
The History and Impact of Web Technologies
Work
Complete the worksheet in the google doc – Homework 1-1
This is the last slide of the presentation. 24