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Elite vs. popular cultures

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Presentation on theme: "Elite vs. popular cultures"— Presentation transcript:

1 Elite vs. popular cultures
Not exactly rich vs. poor, but much overlap

2 Language: Dialects vs. national languages Facility with national language as mark of education and means of access

3 Print and Oral Cultures:
Elite culture in print Popular culture passed orally Problems of dissemination

4 Questions of Wealth: Food Disparity in diets of rich and poor Houses Utensils Furniture

5 Questions of Wealth: Drinks: tea, coffee, alcohol Coffee shops and taverns

6 Health: Poor at greater risk Worse in cities Doctors or wise women Charities

7 Etiquette and Entertainment:
Courtly etiquette Theatre Dancing Evening activities

8 Etiquette and Entertainment:
Different classes with different tastes Belief in magic

9 Social Division: Elites withdrawing from community celebrations Tensions between elites and common folk

10 War of the Austrian Succession (1740-48)
Seven Years’ War ( ) Collectively known as the Great War of the Mid-Eighteenth Century

11 War of the Austrian Succession
Origin in conflict of Frederick II (the Great) of Prussia (r ) and Maria Theresa of Habsburg, Queen of Austria and Hungary (r )

12 1740 Death of Charles VI (r. 1711-40)
16 Dec 1740 Frederick II invades Silesia Rebellion in Bohemia. Maria Theresa summons aid from Hungarians, who put down rebellion Map Link: Europe, : < Europe_ _en.png>.

13 Austria Russia Prussia Sweden France Piedmont-Sardinia vs. Spain Denmark Bavaria Britain/Hanover Dutch Republic 1707 Act of Union creates Kingdom of Great Britain

14 1742 Peace between Frederick II and Maria
Theresa French and Bavarians take Bohemia. Charles VII of Wittelsbach elected Holy Roman Emperor 1745 French take Austrian Netherlands (Belgium) and foment Jacobite Rebellion Charles VII (r ) Charles Edward Stuart (Bonnie Prince Charlie, )

15 1745 New Englanders and British Navy take
Louisbourg. British navy eliminates French and Spanish shipping, blockades French West Indies Francis I, husband of Maria Theresa, elected Holy Roman Emperor 1748 Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle

16 1756 Diplomatic Revolution Count
Kaunitz Austria Prussia France vs. Britain/Hanover Russia

17 1756 French/Austrian/Russian alliance attempt
to partition Brandenburg-Prussia 1757 Frederick II defeats French in battle and wages successful campaign against enemies, but subjected to Russian/Austrian “sandwich” 1762 Tsar Peter III of Russia withdraws Russian troops 1763 Peace of Hubertusburg

18 Before 1756 Fighting between French and
British over Indian and American territories 1755 British force Acadians to emigrate. Many settle in Louisiana (“cajun”) 1756 Britain and France declare war William Pitt the Elder ( )

19 1758 British take Fort Duquesne (Pittsburgh)
and Louisbourg 1759 Battle of the Plains of Abraham outside Quebec James Wolfe ( )

20 Activities of company agents Joseph-François Dupleix (1696-1763)
Mughals Activities of company agents Joseph-François Dupleix ( ) - creation of “sepoy” regiments 1754 Dupleix recalled to France Map Link: India, 1765 and 1805: < and1805b.jpg>.

21 1756 Siraj al-Dawla expels British from Calcutta
1757 Robert Clive ( ) defeats Siraj al-Dawla, puts puppet ruler on throne of Bengal. Later Clive is appointed governor of Bengal by British British defeat French, then Spanish (from 1761)

22 Feb 1763 Peace of Paris British get Canada, much of eastern North America French keep territories in Caribbean, Africa, limited presence in India Continuation of German dualism Seeds planted for British Empire

23 Concerns: Preservation/expansion of national interests Preservation of balance of power Shifting of alliances, even between traditional rivals

24 Jonathan Swift ( ) Anglo-Irish master of satire Gulliver’s Travels (1726) A Modest Proposal (1729)

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