1. Chapter 1 Introduction to the Computer-Based Information System
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS 8/E
Raymond McLeod, Jr. and George Schell
Chapter 1
Introduction to the Computer-Based
Information System
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Copyright 2001 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1

2. Information Management
The most valuable resource
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3. } Five Main Resources Personnel Material Machines Money
(including facilities and energy)
Money
Information (and data)
Physical }
Conceptual
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4. How Resources are Managed
Acquire
Assemble, or prepare
Maximize use
Replace
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5. Factors Stimulating Interest in Information Management
Increasing complexity of business activity
International economy
Worldwide competition
Increasing complexity of technology
Shrinking time frames
Social constraints
Improved computer capabilities
Size
Speed
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6. Who are the Users? Managers Nonmanagers
Persons & organizations in the firm’s environment
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7. The Influence of Management Level on Information Source
Environmental
Strategic planning level
Management control level
Operational control level
Internal
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8. The Influence of Management Level on Information Form
Summary
Strategic planning level
Management control level
Operational control level
Detail
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9. Managers Can Be Found on All Levels and in All Functional Areas of the Firm
Strategic planning level
Management Control Level
Operational Control
Level
Finance
Function
Human
Resources
Function
Information
Services
Function
Manufacturing
Function
Marketing
Function
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10. What Managers do -- Fayol’s Functions
Strategic
Planning Level
Management
Control Level
Operational
Control Level
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11. What Managers do -- Mintzberg’s Roles
Interpersonal roles
Figurehead
Leader
Liaison
Informational roles
Monitor
Disseminator
Spokesperson
Decisional roles
Entrepreneur
Disturbance handler
Resource allocator
Negotiator
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12. Management Skills Communications Problem solving
How can an information specialist help?
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13. Problem Solving Information Comes in Many Forms
Internal Sources
External Sources
Written Media
Oral Media
Tours
Voice Mail
Periodicals
Business Meals
Scheduled Meetings
Telephone
Computer Reports
Noncomputer reports
Letters & Memos
Electronic mail
Unscheduled Meetings
Problem Solving
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14. Management Knowledge Computer literacy Information literacy
What’s the difference?
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15. System Components Component parts of a system that can control its own operations
Objectives
Control mechanism
Input
Transformation
Output
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16. Open-Loop System
Input
Transformation
Output
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17. Open versus Closed Systems
Open system
Connected to its environment by means of resource flows
Closed system
Not connected to its environment
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18. Systems Can Be Composed of Subsystems or Elemental Parts
Part C
Subsystem A
Subsystem B
Subsystem B-1
Subsystem A-1
Subsystem A-2
Subsystem B-2
Subsystem A-3
Elemental
part B1
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19. Physical and Conceptual Systems
Physical system
The business firm
Composed of physical resources
Conceptual system
Represents a physical system
Uses conceptual resources
Information
Data
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20. A Systems View
Business operations are embedded within a larger environmental setting
Reduces complexity
Requires good objectives
Emphasizes working together
Acknowledges interconnections
Values feedback
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21. Data and Information Information processor
Key element in the conceptual system
Computer
Noncomputer
Combination
Data is the raw material transformed into information
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22. Evolution of the CBIS Data Processing (DP)
Management Information Systems (MIS) 1964
IBM promoted the concept as a means of selling disk files and terminals
Decision Support Systems (DSS) 1971
Text book’s distinction:
MIS: Organizational/group - general
DSS: Individual - specific
Office Automation (OA) 1964
Artificial Intelligence (AI)/ Expert Systems (ES) s
Heavy investment by businesses
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23. The CBIS Model Decisions (CBIS) Problem Information Problem Solution
Computer-based
Information System
(CBIS)
Accounting
Information System
Problem
Information
Management
Information System
Decisions
Decision Support
Systems
Problem
Solution
The Virtual
Office
Knowledge-based
Systems
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24. Information Services Information specialists have
full-time responsibility for
developing and maintaining
computer-based systems
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25. Traditional Communication Chain
Database
Administrator
Systems
Analyst
User
Operator
Programmer
Computer
Network
Specialist
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26. End-User Computing (EUC)
Development of all or part of applications
Information specialists act as consultants
Stimulants to EUC
Increased computer literacy
IS backlog
Low-cost hardware (the PC)
Prewritten software (electronic spreadsheets)
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27. IS and EUC The End-User Computing Communication Chain
Information
Specialists
Support
User
Communication
Computer
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28. Justifying the CBIS
Justify in the same manner as any other large investment
Economic
Cost reduction
Reduced inventory investment
Increased productivity (CAD/CAM)
Noneconomic
Perceived value
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29. Achieving the CBIS
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30. Reengineering the CBIS
Business Process Reengineering (BPR)
Reworking systems
Good system features retained
Becoming development methodology of choice
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31. Roles Played by the Manager and by the Information Specialist
Phase
Manager
Information Specialist
Planning
Define problem
Support
Analysis
Control
System Study
Design
Control
Design system
Implementation
Control
Implement system
Use
Control
Make available
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32. Summary Information is one of five main resources
Computer output used by managers and nonmanagers
A system is an integration of elements working toward an objective
Physical
Conceptual
Data vs. Information
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33. Summary [cont.] CBIS composed of various components
AIS
MIS
DSS
Virtual office
Knowledge-based systems
End-user computing trends
CBIS development
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