1. Governments of Africa

3. Ghana Democracy Elected president is the head of government
One house (unicameral) parliament
Country divided into 10 regions
Universal suffrage (men and women of all tribes, religions, etc) can vote at 18

4. Nigeria Federal republic
Constitution protects freedoms of expression, religion & equal rights
President elected to 4 year term
Cabinet must represent ethnic diversity
2 house National Assembly
Judicial system with Supreme Court
Sharia Courts in some areas

5. 36 states, each with a local government
No government provided welfare or healthcare
Contributes troops to United Nations peacekeeping forces (Liberia, Sierra Leone)
Member of UN, OPEC, African Union, ECOWAS

6. Government of Sudan (north)
President Omar Hassan al- Bashir
National Assembly members chosen by the president
Sharia courts for personal and family issues

7. Tanzania United Republic of Tanzania formed in 1964
Union of Tanganyika & Zanzibar
President elected to a 5 year term
One house National Assembly
Divided into 26 regions, each headed by a regional commissioner
Revolutionary Party of Tanzania

8. Kenya 1964-1991: a one party republic
1992: first multi-party presidential elections
One house legislature (National Assembly)
President serves a 5 year term

9. How the government works to improve literacy:
Current literacy rate is 85% (85% of the people of Kenya are able to read and write)
Boys 91%, Girls 79%
The view is that boys need an education for jobs and girls only need to prepare for marriage
Marriage brings a dowry (money or gifts the groom and his family gives to the bride as a wedding present)

10. The Kenyan government has made improving education a priority
Kenya has a Ministry of Education that is responsible for the educational improvements
85% of Kenyan children attend elementary school
But, many kids are not staying in school

11. Rwanda After the 1994 Civil War, Rwandan Patriotic Front ruled
Banned political parties involved in the war
Created Transitional National Assembly
2003: new constitution
Rights of citizens
Prohibits political parties based on ethnic/racial groups

12. Government (cont’d) Hybrid Regime President elected to a 7 year term
2 chamber parliament
Gacaca courts: local courts led by village elders
Provides community health centers

13. Zimbabwe Ruled by whites until 1980
1980 constitution: protects freedoms of all, regardless of race or ethnic group
President elected by popular vote
Robert Mugabe has ruled since independence as a dictator (authoritarian regime)
One-house legislature

14. South Africa
1984 constitution: president & 3 house legislature (white, Coloured, Asian)
1997 constitution: detailed bill of rights giving equality to all (full democracy)
President & 2 house legislature
Divided into 9 provinces, each with a local gov’t
Constitutional & local chief courts

15. HIV/AIDS
Sub-Saharan Africa has one of the highest HIV-AIDS infections in the world
Many that die of AIDS are young and middle aged adults which leaves millions of orphans
Factors which cause the spread of AIDS:
Poor health care systems
Poverty
Lack of government organization
Ignorance about the disease
The antiretroviral drugs (AVTs) are too expensive for most Africans

16. HIV/AIDS
Zimbabwe has one of the highest rates of HIV/AIDS infection in the world; government corruption and civil unrest have made it worse
In Nigeria, the government did not make HIV-AIDS prevention priority until the late 1990s. Now, they work hard to educate the people and make treatment available
Botswana has a high rate of infection but also one of the most effective responses to the disease; the government has provided education and training for those who have HIV-AIDS