1. How to Name Chemical Compounds
In order to apply the proper nomenclature to chemical compounds, the compound itself needs to be identified as to type or class

2. Question #1
What type of compound is it? Ionic? Molecular? - Organic? Acid? Hydrate?

3. Identifying the Compounds
Ionic – usually a compound composed of a metal & a nonmetal; a metal & a polyatomic anion; a polyatomic cation and a nonmetal; or a polyatomic cation & a polyatomic anion. Molecular – usually a compound composed of two nonmetals -organic compound (one containing carbon and frequently hydrogen; excludes CO, CO2, and carbonates)

4. Identifying the Compounds
Inorganic acids – these compounds contain hydrogen available for donation in a chemical reaction; their formulas generally start with H (hydrogen) and are followed by a nonmetal or polyatomic anion Hydrated compounds – these compounds appear as a salt or ionic compound with water molecules attached; meaning there is a dot (•), possibly a numerical coefficient, and the formula of water, H2O

5. Ionic Compound - Question #1
What is the positive ion? Metal from Group 1 (IA), Group 2 (IIA), Group 13 (IIIA) {first three elements} or Zn, Cd, or Ag? A metal not found in Group 1 (IA), Group 2 (IIA), Group 13 (IIIA) {first three elements} or Zn, Cd, Ag? A positive polyatomic ion?

6. Naming Positive Ions
For metals from Group 1 (IA), Group 2 (IIA), or Group 13 (IIIA) {first three elements} Zn, Cd, or Ag Write the name of the metallic element

7. Naming Positive Ions
For metals NOT found in Group 1 (IA), Group 2 (IIA), Group 13 (IIIA) {first three elements} or Zn, Cd, Ag Traditional name – apply an “-ic” suffix to the ion of greater charge and an “-ous” suffix to the ion of lesser charge. Stock System name – place a Roman numeral in parentheses, ( ), immediately after the element’s name. The Roman numeral indicates the charge on the metal ion in that compound.

8. Identifying the Charge on the Cation
In order to apply the Stock or traditional name, the charge on the metallic cation must be determined. How???? 1) Determine total negative charge in formula of the compound 2) Recognize, there is equal positive charge 3) Divide the positive charge by number of metal ions

9. Naming Positive Ions For polyatomic cations
Write the polyatomic ion’s name

10. Ionic Compounds - Question #2
What is the negative ion? Nonmetal – elements located to the right of the staircase on the periodic table A negative polyatomic ion

11. Naming Negative Ions For a polyatomic anion -
For a nonmetallic anion – modify the name of the nonmetallic element with the attachment of an
“-ide” suffix
For a polyatomic anion -
Write the name of the polyatomic ion.

12. Molecular Compound – Question #1
Are you using the traditional or the Stock naming system?

13. Traditional Naming of Molecular Compounds
Attach a prefix to the name of each element that indicates the number of atoms of that element present in a molecule of the compound. In ADDITION, modify the more negative element’s name for the attachment of the “-ide” suffix Note: The more negative element has greater electronegativity or ionization energy

14. A Reminder
The “mono-” prefix is usually dropped from the more positive element

15. Stock System Name of Molecular Compounds
Represent the “apparent charge” of the more positive element with a Roman numeral in parentheses. Note: The more positive element has lower electronegativity or ionization energy. In ADDITION, modify the more negative element’s name for the attachment of the “-ide” suffix

16. Molecular Naming Confusion…..
When naming molecular compounds, name using the traditional system or the Stock system, but NOT a combination or hybrid of both systems!!!!

17. Organic Compounds
What type of organic compound is it? Alkane CnH2n+2 Alkene CnH2n Alkyne CnH2n-2 Alcohol R-OH (where R is any alkyl group)

18. Prefixes are determined based upon number of carbon atoms
Meth- 1 Eth- 2 Prop- 3 But- 4 Pent- 5 Hex- 6 Hept- 7 Oct- 8 Non- 9 Dec- 10

19. Naming Alkanes
In order to name an alkane, determine the number of carbon atoms in the chain and select the correct prefix. Attach the suffix “-ane” to the prefix. CH4 – methane C2H6 - ethane

20. Naming Alkenes
In order to name an alkene, determine the number of carbon atoms in the chain and select the correct prefix. Attach the suffix “-ene” to the prefix. If the double bond is not on a terminal carbon, use a number and dash to indicate its position in the molecule so the smallest number is used.

21. Naming Alkenes
C2H4 – ethene 3-heptene

22. Naming Alkynes
In order to name an alkyne, determine the number of carbon atoms in the chain and select the correct prefix. Attach the suffix “-yne” to the prefix. If the triple bond is not on a terminal carbon, use a number and dash to indicate its position in the molecule so the smallest number is used.

23. Naming Alkynes
C2H2 ethyne 2-hexyne

24. Naming Alcohols
In order to name an alcohol, determine the number of carbon atoms in the chain and select the correct prefix. Attach the suffix “-anol” to the prefix. If the –OH (hydroxyl group) is not on a terminal carbon, use a number and dash to indicate its position in the molecule so the smallest number is used.

25. Naming Alcohols
CH3OH methanol 2-butanol

26. Acids – Question #1
Is the acid a binary acid/nonoxyacid; or is it an oxyacid? Oxyacid – contains hydrogen combined with an oxyanion Binary acid – contains hydrogen and a nonmetal Nonoxyacid – contains hydrogen and other polyatomic anion

27. Binary or Non-oxyacids Acids
The form for naming a binary or
non-oxyacid is
hydro – root of nonmetal/anion - ic

28. Naming an Oxyacid Anion prefix - anion root - (-ic)/(-ous)
The form for naming an oxyacid is
Anion prefix - anion root - (-ic)/(-ous)
If the polyatomic anion has a prefix (e.g. per- or hypo-) it is retained.

29. What about - ic and – ous?
If the oxyanion ends with an “-ate,” the “–ate” is replaced by the “-ic” suffix. If the oxyanion ends with an “-ite,” the “-ite” is replaced by the “–ous” suffix.

30. Hydrated Compounds Question #1
What is the ionic compound or salt to which water is attached? Identify the ionic compound (salt) and name according to the rules discussed under ionic nomenclature

31. Hydrated Compounds – Question #2
How many waters are attached to EACH formula unit of the ionic compound or salt?
Look at the numerical coefficient of water
Attach a prefix to the term “–hydrate” to indicate the number of waters present per formula unit.

32. Prefixes to attach to hydrate
Prefixes to attach to hydrate in indicating waters per formula unit. Mono- Di- Tri- Tetra- Penta- Hexa- Hepta- Octa- Nona- Deca-