1. Phylum Porifera and Cnidaria
I can:
Characteristics of sponges and what makes the Porifera
Give examples
Characteristics of Cnidarians
Define/draw nematocyst and physiology
Marine Biology and Oceanography© by Carol Matthews Published by Teaching Point

2. Numerical Distribution of the Animal Kingdom
Phylum Porifera and Cnidaria
Numerical Distribution of the Animal Kingdom
Marine Biology and Oceanography© by Carol Matthews Published by Teaching Point

3. - simplest invertebrate animal (without vertebrae)
PHYLUM PORIFERA
Sponges are
- simplest invertebrate animal (without vertebrae)
- mostly marine, some fresh
- bodies contain pores - thus the name “Porifera”.
Marine Biology and Oceanography© by Carol Matthews Published by Teaching Point

4. Sponges are habitat for many marine organisms.
They are multicellular but organized at the cellular level only - without tissues or organs.
Beating flagella pump water through the pores bringing food and oxygen. Sponges can pump volumes of water up to 20,000 times their own volume.
This cleans the oceans as the sponges feed on bacteria and plankton. Digestion occurs in the amebocytes.
Sponges are habitat for many marine organisms.
Marine Biology and Oceanography© by Carol Matthews Published by Teaching Point

5. Reproduction may be sexual or asexual.
Asexual is by external buds or internal gemmules. Sexual is by broadcasting gametes into the water.
The meroplanktonic larvae settle into sessile adults.
Marine Biology and Oceanography© by Carol Matthews Published by Teaching Point

6. Three types of sponges have different supporting structures:
1. Calcareous – with supporting spicules
NOAA
2. Glass sponges –
with silica spicules; typically found in great depth
Marine Biology and Oceanography© by Carol Matthews Published by Teaching Point

7. (The kitchen-style “sponges” were never living animals.)
3. Demosponges –with elastic fibers called spongin; used as commerical sponges
(The kitchen-style “sponges” were
never living animals.)
Marine Biology and Oceanography© by Carol Matthews Published by Teaching Point

8. Jellyfish, Anemones and Corals
Cnidarians:
Jellyfish, Anemones and Corals
Marine Biology and Oceanography© by Carol Matthews Published by Teaching Point

9. ex: (jellyfish, anemones, corals)
PHYLUM CNIDARIA
ex: (jellyfish, anemones, corals)
- two tissue layers - an outer epidermis and inner gastroderm
- nerve net with stinging capsules called nematocysts
radial symmetry with 2 body types:
1. polyp
2. medusa
Portuguese man-of-war
a colonial Cnidarian
Sea Anemone
Marine Biology and Oceanography© by Carol Matthews Published by Teaching Point

10. ex: brain, staghorn, golf ball
The coral animal may live as a free-floating polyp or build colonies into reefs, but not all corals build reefs.
1. stony coral - hermatypic or reef builders. The polyp grows in 6 parts to form a body of calcium carbonate
ex: brain, staghorn, golf ball
Marine Biology and Oceanography© by Carol Matthews Published by Teaching Point

11. Some are carnivores with digestion in food vacuoles.
The Siphonophora (Man of War) has a gas filled float and individuals that function like specialized organs.
NOAA
Some are carnivores with digestion in food vacuoles.
Marine Biology and Oceanography© by Carol Matthews Published by Teaching Point

12. 2. soft coral - polyps with 8 tentacles
While part of the reef, they do not build reefs because their bodies are a soft keratin.
ex. sea fans, gorgonians
3. hydrocoral - false corals resemble the anemone and contain powerful neumatocysts that cause skin irritation
ex: fire coral
NOAA
Marine Biology and Oceanography© by Carol Matthews Published by Teaching Point

13. NOAA
The Australian box jellyfish is considered the most venomous marine animal.
Marine Biology and Oceanography© by Carol Matthews Published by Teaching Point