1. Traits and Classification of Life

2. How would you group these animals?

3. Why do we need a classification system?
There is great diversity among living things.
Scientists have identified and named more than 2.5 million different species, and they predict there could be as many as 8.7 million species of organisms on Earth.
In order to study such diversity of life, scientists have organized living things into groups, according to similarities

4. Taxonomy
Discipline of classifying organisms and giving them a universally accepted name.
Depending on where you live, you might call this animal a mountain lion, a puma, a cougar, or a panther… all of which are common names for the same animal.
To avoid this confusion, scientists use a classification system to group organisms in a logical manner and to assign names.

5. History of Classification
ARISTOTLE th century BC (384 to322 BC) --divided organisms into 2 groups:
*plants and animals --divided animals into blood and bloodless --also divided animals into 3 groups according to how they moved :
*walking, flying, or swimming
(land, air, or water) --his system was used into the 1600's
DISCUSSION QUESTION - Discuss whether Aristotle's 3 group system had any built-in problems. Explain any problems that you detect with his system.
DISCUSSION QUESTION -Using Aristotle's 3-group system (based on movement), name animals that would fit into more than one group.

6. Current Classification System
Carolus Linnaeus (18th century Swedish botanist)
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Binomial Nomenclature—
2 part scientific name: ”Genus species”
*Rules: Use Latin or Greek
Genus is Capitalized
species is lowercase
italicized or underlined
Ex. What is the scientific name for humans?

7. What do you call this? Armadillidium vulgare What is the genus?
What is the species?

8. Classification categories: (taxa/taxon)
We now divide all living things into 3 Domains (the broadest category).
They are divided into sub-categories (taxa), each getting more and more specific:
Kingdom
Phylum (plural: Phyla)
Class
Order
Family
Genus (plural: Genera)
Species
How can we remember the order of taxa? K P C O F G S

9. How do we classify humans?
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primate
Family: Homindae
Genus: Homo
species: sapiens

10. Answer the multiple choice questions
For homework: DUE Wednesday—
Chapter 17 vocabulary

11. bellringer
You want to organize the songs on your iPod…Create your own classification system for your music:
Write a sample of what folders and sub-folders you would use to classify your music. Try to have at least 4 levels of classification.

12. Dichotomous Key
In classifying living things, scientists try to provide order to life so we can better understand the world in which we live
All living things are classified into groups according to shared characteristics.
The DICHOTOMOUS KEY is a classification tool based on whether an organism does or does not possess a certain characteristic.

13. Example of a dichotomous key

14. Activity Harry Potter and the Dichotomous Key
You will use a dichotomous key to classify Bertie Botts Every Flavor Beans and to understand how a dichotomous key works to place items into a classification system.

15. Closure What is a dichotomous key used for?
Why is it important to classify items based on similarities?

16. Bellringer: Dichotomous Key practice

17. Today the system of classification includes six kingdoms.
When Linnaeus developed his system of classification, there were only two kingdoms, Plants and Animals. But the use of the microscope led to the discovery of new organisms and the identification of differences in cells. A two-kingdom system was no longer useful.
Today the system of classification includes six kingdoms.
The Six Kingdoms:
Plants, Animals, Protists, Fungi, Archaebacteria, Eubacteria.
How are organism placed into their kingdoms?
·       Cell type, complex or simple
·       Their ability to make food
·       The number of cells in their body

18. Section 3
Organizing Life’s Diversity
Domains and Kingdoms
Grouping Species
The broadest category in the classification used by most biologists is the domain.
The three domains are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

19. Domain and Kingdom 1. Bacteria
Section 3
Organizing Life’s Diversity
Domains and Kingdoms
Domain and Kingdom 1. Bacteria
Eubacteria are prokaryotes whose cell walls contain peptidoglycan.
Eubacteria are a diverse group that can survive in many different environments.

20. Domain and Kingdom 2. Archaea
Section 3
Organizing Life’s Diversity
Domains and Kingdoms
Domain and Kingdom 2. Archaea
Archaea are thought to be more ancient than bacteria and yet more closely related to our eukaryote ancestors.
Archaea are diverse in shape and nutrition requirements.
They are called extremophiles because they can live in extreme environments.

21. All eukaryotes are classified in Domain Eukarya.
Section 3
Organizing Life’s Diversity
Domains and Kingdoms
Domain 3. Eukarya
All eukaryotes are classified in Domain Eukarya.
Domain Eukarya contains
Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Animalia.

22. The most widely used biological classification system has three domains and six kingdoms.
The six kingdoms are Bacteria, Archaea, Protists, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

23. Section 3
Organizing Life’s Diversity
Kingdom 3. Protista
Protists are eukaryotic organisms that can be unicellular, colonial, or multicellular.
Protists are classified into three different groups—plantlike, animal-like, and funguslike.

24. A fungus is a unicellular or multicellular eukaryote that absorbs
Section 3
Organizing Life’s Diversity
Domains and Kingdoms
Kingdom 4. Fungi
A fungus is a unicellular or multicellular
eukaryote that absorbs
nutrients from organic
materials in its
environment.
Members of Kingdom Fungi are heterotrophic, lack motility, and have cell walls.

25. Members of Kingdom Plantae form the base of all terrestrial habitats.
Section 3
Organizing Life’s Diversity
Domains and Kingdoms
Kingdom 5. Plantae
Members of Kingdom Plantae form the base of all terrestrial habitats.
All plants are multicellular and have cell walls composed of cellulose.
Most plants are autotrophs, but some are heterotrophic.

26. All animals are heterotrophic, multicellular eukaryotes.
Section 3
Organizing Life’s Diversity
Domains and Kingdoms
Kingdom 6. Animalia
All animals are heterotrophic, multicellular eukaryotes.
Animal organs often are organized into complex organ systems.
They live in the water, on land, and in the air.

27. Domains Domains (broadest category) Bacteria (bacteria)
Archaea (extremophiles)
Eukarya
(made of
eukaryotic
cells)

28. Classifying the Diversity of Life
KINGDOMS
Archeabacteria
Eubacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plants
Animals

29. Animals

30. KINGDOMS and PHYLA KINGDOMS ANIMAL PHYLA Archeabacteria (ch 19)
Porifera (ch 26)
Eubacteria (ch 19)
Cnidaria (ch 26)
Protista (ch 20)
Platyhelminthes (ch 27)
Fungi (ch 21)
Nematoda (ch 27)
Plants (ch.22)
Rotifera
Animals (Unit 8)
Mollusca (ch 27)
Annelida (ch 27)
Arthropoda (ch 28)
Echinodermata (ch 29)
Chordata (unit 9)

31. Porifera

32. Cnidaria