1. Prison Security, Services and Programs

2. Security and Discipline
Maintenance of order is the #1 priority
1. Constant watch: guards are posted anywhere inmates congregate
2. Custody Levels
- Protective Custody: inmate in danger
Mental Health Issues: segregated for safety
Administrative Custody: inmate who poses a danger

3. 3. Daily Counts
- Inmates are counted constantly throughout the day
4. Control of Property
- Prison officials constantly are on the lookout for contraband, or banned items
Mail and phone conversations can be monitored by prison officials if they need to.

4. Security and Discipline
Visits
- Inmates can only visit with family/friends during designated times, and in open rooms.
- Only a small % of prisons allow conjugal visits
Snitch System
- Many prisons are controlled this way
- Inmates inform guards when there is trouble, in exchange for special privileges and protection

5. Security and Discipline
Discipline for Rule Breakers
1. Privileges restricted
2. Solitary confinement
3. Time added
4. Transferred to more restrictive prison

6. Services and Programs for Inmates
Minimum Standards that have to be met
- Adequate shelter
- Food
- Clothed
- Warmth, electricity, plumbing
- Medical Care
- What a prison does beyond this, is up to them

7. Leisure Activities Commissaries: places to buy luxuries
Recreation Facilities: weightlifting, basketball, softball, etc.
TV Viewing rooms
Legal Resources
Libraries
Religious Areas

8. Special Needs Inmates: Medical Issues
Prisons have to treat inmates with medical issues, there is no way around it.
On following slide are some statistics on Medical Issues of Prisoners

9. Highlights
* An estimated 44% of state inmates and 39% of federal inmates reported a current medical problem other than a cold or virus.
* Arthritis (state 15%; federal 12%) and hypertension (state 14%; federal 13%) were the two most commonly reported medical problems.
* Among inmates who reported a medical problem, 70% of state and 76% of federal inmates reported seeing a medical professional because of the problem.
* More than 8 in 10 inmates in state and federal prisons reported receiving a medical exam or a blood test since admission.
* Almost all state and federal inmates reported being tested for TB (95% and 96%, respectively).
* More than a third (36%) of state inmates and nearly a quarter (24%) of federal inmates reported having an impairment.
* Learning was the most commonly reported impairment among state and federal inmates (23% and 13%, respectively).
* 16% of state inmates and 8% of federal inmates reported having multiple impairments.

10. Special Needs of Inmates: Mental Health
Mental Health is a major issue for inmates that is generally ignored by the prison staff
Most inmates suffering from
mental health issues
are found in local jails
Prison and jail staff are generally not trained in treating and recognizing mental health issues.

11. Special Needs of Inmates: HIV and AIDS
The 1990s saw a jump in the numbers of HIV and AIDS cases in prisons, especially in New York
States now either test all, or randomly screen some, inmates for the two diseases
Debate continues on what to do with positive inmates

12. Work Programs
Many states allow work programs for their inmates while in prison
Jobs within the prison (laundry, cooking, cleaning, etc.)
Factories
Agricultural
License Plates
Roadside Crews
Inmates get paid very little for work; $3-$8 a day
Generally, jobs are done for gov't, not private businesses

13. Educational and Job Training
Prisons provide opportunities for inmates to complete GED and some college courses
Job Training is usually limited for blue collar jobs
- welding
- construction
- auto mechanics
All done in an effort to prepare an inmate for life in the outside world

14. Counseling and Therapy
Opportunities for individual and group therapy
Drug and Alcohol treatment programs available for inmates
Some programs try to change behavioral mindsets that got inmates in prison in the first place