1. Modals
Joonhee & Sophia

2. : Can, Could, May, Might, Must, Should, Will, Would
Modals
A type of helping verb
: Can, Could, May, Might, Must, Should, Will, Would

3. 1. Can, Could affirmative negative I Can Could swim. go. Can’t
Couldn’t
You
He/She/It We
They

4. When they are three, most children can speak. Can you use a computer?
- Of someone’s ability
When they are three, most children can speak.
Can you use a computer?
I can’t understand this exercise.
Present
- Our cat is amazing – it can sing!
- I’m afraid of the water because I can’t swim.
Past
- Our cat was amazing – it could sing.
I was afraid of the water because I couldn’t swim.

5. Polite requests - It is permitted. You can go home now if you want.
I’m sorry, you can’t park here.
(It isn’t permitted.)
Can I open the window? – Yes, of course you can
Present
- we can use the computers in the library.
Past
we could use the computers in the library.
Polite requests
Could I open the window, please?
Could we leave early today, sir?

6. (be) able to
I can’t sleep. → I haven’t been able to sleep recently. Tom can come tomorrow. →Tom might be able to come tomorrow. The applicant can speak French, Spanish, and English. →Applicants for the job must be able to speak two foreign language.

7. 2. Must, Have to, Should Have to Must Should Have to / Must /I
Have to /
Don't have to
work hard.
Must /
Mustn't
do it.
You We
They etc. He
Has to /
Doesn't have to
Should
She It
Should /
Shouldn't Do
I/You/We/They
Have to work hard?
Does
He/She/It

8. It's very important or necessary ... It's NOT necessary or
... to do something
... not to do something
It's very important or
necessary ...
You must be back home by 12 o'clock.
We mustn't be late.
He has to do military service next year.
You mustn't make so much
noise.
It's NOT necessary or
important ...
I don't have to wear a tie
to school.
You don't have to wash up. I'll do it.
It's a good idea or
right ...
You should do more sport.
You look tired. You shouldn't work so hard.
He should drive more
carefully.
He shouldn't speak to her
like that.

10. 3. Must, May, Might Must and can’t May, Might and Could
You’ve been working all day. You must be tired.
You can’t be hungry after eating so much.
May, Might and Could
She might/may/could be Dave’s sister. She looks like him.
(Perhaps she is Dave’s sister)
If you take a taxi you may/might/could get there on time.
(Perhaps you will get there on time)
May not, Might not
Don’t worry. It may/might not ever happen.
(Perhaps it won’t happen.)
Don’t worry. It couldn’t not ever happen.
(It’s impossible for it to happen.)

11. Thank you for your attention!