1. Mitosis EQ: What is the result of cell reproduction? 1 1 1

2. Biology is the only subject in which multiplication is the same thing as division… 2 2 2

3. Overview of mitosis I.P.M.A.T. interphase prophase (pro-metaphase)
cytokinesis
metaphase
anaphase
telophase 3 3 3

4. What is Mitosis? 1) Process of eukaryotic cell reproduction
Parent Cell
1) Process of eukaryotic cell reproduction
2) Nucleus divides to form 2 separate, identical nuclei
DNA condenses into chromosomes
Chromosomes align in center
Have students look at the pictures and try to figure out what is happening to the DNA in each.
The slide is animated so you can ask the questions and reveal the answers when you are ready
Chromosomes separate
DNA uncoils; cytoplasm divides 4 4

5. Organizing DNA DNA is organized in chromosomes
ACTGGTCAGGCAATGTC
DNA
Organizing DNA
DNA is organized in chromosomes
DNA wrapped around proteins
DNA-protein complex = chromatin
histones
chromatin
double stranded chromosome 5 5 5

6. double-stranded mitotic human chromosomes6 6 6

7. Mitotic Chromosome After DNA replication: 2 sister chromatids
narrow at centromeres
contain identical copies of original DNA
homologous
chromosomes
homologous
chromosomes
Centromeres are segments of DNA which have long series of tandem repeats = 100,000s of bases long. The sequence of the repeated bases is quite variable. It has proven difficult to sequence.
sister chromatids
single-stranded
homologous = “same information”
double-stranded 7 7 7

8. Time to divide & multiply!
Interphase
90% of cell life cycle (G1, S, G2)
cell doing its “everyday job”
produce RNA, synthesize proteins/enzymes
prepares for duplication if triggered
I’m working here!
Time to divide & multiply! 9 9 9

9. Interphase Nucleus well-defined Prepares for mitosis
DNA loosely packed in long chromatin fibers
Prepares for mitosis
replicates chromosomes
produces proteins & organelles 10 10 10

10. Mitosis Dividing cell’s DNA between 2 daughter nuclei 4 phases (PMAT)
“dance of the chromosomes”
4 phases (PMAT)
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase 11 11 11

11. Why does a cell spend the majority of its life in Interphase?
Table Discussion
Why does a cell spend the majority of its life in Interphase?

12. green = key features
Prophase
Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes called chromatids
Centrioles move to opposite poles of cell
Spindle fibers start to stretch across the cell
Nuclear membrane breaks down 13 13 13

13. Metaphase Chromosomes align along middle of cell (metaphase plate)
green = key features
Metaphase
Chromosomes align along middle of cell (metaphase plate) 14 14 14

14. green = key features
Anaphase
Sister chromatids separate apart to become individual chromosomes
move to opposite poles 15 15 15

15. Telophase Chromosomes arrive at opposite poles New nuclei form
Cell cleavage visible 16 16 16

16. Cytokinesis Cytoplasm splits, creating two new daughter cells
Animal cells: Cleavage is seen (indention in cell membrane)
Plant cells: Cell plate formation occurs
Division of cytoplasm happens quickly. 17 17 17

17. Cytokinesis the final stage of eukaryotic cell reproduction/division
The cytoplasm divides:
Animal cells: Cleavage is seen (indention in cell membrane)
Plant cells: Cell plate formation occurs
Cytokinesis almost always follows mitosis. This is what creates two separate cells. Ask students what would happen if you have mitosis without cytokinesis (one cell with two nuclei). 18 18

18. How is mitosis different from cytokinesis?
Table Discussion
How is mitosis different from cytokinesis?

19. Mitosis in animal cells20 20 20

20. Mitosis in Plant Cell

21. Mitosis in plant cell 22 22 22

22. onion root tip 23 23 23