1. Section 10 Genetics & Evolution
TyAnthony Jones
Biology 6th

2. 10.1 Meiosis

3. Chromosome Replication
U1: Chromosome replicate in interphase before meiosis.

4. The Exchange of dna material
U2- Crossing over is the exchange of DNA material between non-sister homologous chromatids

5. Chiasmata formation
U4- Chiasmata formation between non-sister chromatids can result in an exchange of alleles

6. Prophase 1
Crossing over occurs during Prophase one of mitosis

7. Homologous chromosome separation
U5- Homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis I.

8. Sister chromatid separation
U6- Sister chromatids separate in meiosis II.

9. Independent assortment of genes
U7- Independent assortment of genes is due to random orientation of homologous chromosomes pair in meiosis 1

10. New combinations of alleles
U3- Crossing over produces new combinations of alleles on the chromosomes of the haploid cells

11. 10.2 Inheritance

12. Linkage Groups
U1 Gene loci are said to be linked if on the chromosome.

13. Linkage Groups and Separation
U2 Unlinked genes segregate independently as a result of meiosis

14. Variation
U3 – Variations can be discrete or continuous

15. Variation
U4 – The phenotypes of polygenic characteristics tend to show continuous variation
Polygenic characteristics rely on more than one allele to alter the phenotype.

16. Chi-squared test
U5 – Chi-Squared tests are used to determine the difference between an observed and expected frequency distribution is statistically significant.

17. 10.3 Gene pools and speciation

18. Gene pool and allele frequency
U1- A gene pool consists of all the genes, and their different alleles, present in the interbreeding population.

19. Evolution
U2 – Evolution requires that allele frequencies change with time in populations

20. Reproduction isolation of species
U3 Reproductive isolation of populations can be temporal, behavioral, or geographic

21. Directional, stabilizing, and disruptive isolation
U4 Speciation due to divergence of isolated populations can be gradual
As shown in the image, the changes in morphology gradually changed as time progressed. This can be done by small changes instead of drastic changes.

22. Speciation U5 Speciation can occur abruptly
As shown in the image, the changes in morphology took a small amount of time to change.

23. Bibliography "Brent Cornell." Meiosis. Web. 22 Apr. 2016.
"BioCoach Activity." Pearson. Web. 22 Apr
"Dihybrid Crosses and Gene Linkage." Dihybrid Crosses and Gene Linkage. Web. 22 Apr
"The Sea Shore - FSC (Field Studies Council)." The Sea Shore - FSC (Field Studies Council). Web. 22 Apr