1. HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Life Continuum continuous process from birth to death through many stages
Life Stages certain stages of growth and development
-Birth to death

2. HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
4 types of growth and development
1. physical ht., wt., changes in the body
2. Mental development of the mind, learning
3. Emotional dealing with emotions
4. Social interaction and relationships with others

3. HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
The Four Stages of LIFE
1) You believe in Santa Claus.
2) You don’t believe in Santa Claus.
3) You become Santa Claus.
4) You start to look like Santa Claus.

4. HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Eric Erikson psychoanalyst
Developed 8 stages of psychosocial development
States basic conflict must be resolved in each stage of development before a person can move to next stage of development successfully
i.e. a school age child develops a sense of inferiority, this hinders him/her from forming successful relationships as an adolescent

5. HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Infancy birth to 1 year old
Stage of the most dramatic change and growth
-by the end of the first year of life, infants have tripled their weight.
2 months rolls from side to back
6-7 months sits up unassisted
12 months walks
understands simple conversation

6. HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Reflexes of Infancy
Moro reflex: “startle reflex” to loud noises
Rooting reflex: touch the cheek, turns head to that side
Sucking reflex: slightly touch lips, sucking motion
Grasp reflex: grasp objects placed in hand

7. HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

8. HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Leading cause of death: accidents and injuries
Other problems seen in infancy:
Abuse and neglect/Shaken Baby Syndrome
Malnutrition
Failure to thrive
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
Congenital abnormalities (spina bifida)
Communicable diseases i.e. pertussis

9. HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
EARLY CHILDHOOD 1-6 years old
20-24 months:
Learns to control bowel/bladder
Explores world
HOW???
2-3 years old:
“temper tantrums” are common
Child becomes frustrated because they can’t do things for themselves

10. HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
4-6 years old:
Muscle coordination develops
Learn how to skip, jump rope
Play “beside” other children but really don’t play “with” them until about 6 years old.
Children need order and routine in their lives

11. HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
4-6 years old:
Muscle coordination develops, child can run, jump and skip rope
During this stage children play “beside other children, but not necessarily “with” them
Children need order and routine in their daily lives

12. HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
PREADOLECENT YEARS/LATE CHILDHOOD years old
Physical growth rate increases
Sexual characteristics may begin to develop
Children are able to understand abstract ideas such as morals, ethics
They become more group oriented

14. HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Adolescence years old
Strives for independence
Puberty begins
Males 13-15
Females 11-13
-Menarche 1st period
Most traumatic life stage
They experience conflict when told to “grow up” but are reminded they are “still children”

15. HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Adolescents begin to make decisions and accept responsibility
Seek groups of people of their own age and interests
and peers
become a
powerful influence

16. HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Eating Disorders
Accidents #1 killer of teens
Suicide usually give signals, should be taken seriously
Chemical abuse
Sexually Transmitted
Diseases (STD’s)
Pregnancy

17. HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Early or Young Adult Years
years old
This is the most productive age:
careers
childbearing
Stresses include:
Careers
Marriage
Children

18. HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Young adults are:
-More independent
-Seek ways to contribute to society
Social group moves away from peers and more towards people of the same interests and ambitions

19. HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Middle Adulthood
40-60 years old
Physical changes gray hair
wrinkles
wt. gain
Menopause cessation of the menstrual cycle

20. HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Period of contentment:
Job stability
Good health
End of child rearing OR
Period of Crisis
Loss of job -Fear of aging
Marital problems -divorce rates are high
“empty nest syndrome” “Mid-life crisis”

21. HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Early – Middle Adulthood
development of:
Cardiovascular Disease
-from increased BP,
-stress of job, marriage etc.
Cancer -smoking,
-sun/chemical exposure
Diabetes -wt. gain,
-decreased activity/exercise

22. HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Late Adulthood
60 years old until death
Physical condition continues to decline
-Decreased hearing
-Hair and bones become thin
HOWEVER, some people do not show signs of aging until their 70’s or 80’s

23. HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Emotional adjustments involve dealing with:
Retirement
Death of a spouse
Physical disabilities
Loss of independence
Theses changes can lead to new social roles/relationships
Involvement in church and community are common in this age group

24. HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Late Adulthood
Development of:
Cerebrovascular Accident
Osteoporosis
Dementia and Alzheimer’s
Abuse and neglect

25. HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Stages of Death and Dying
Elizabeth Kubler-Ross
Denial - This is the “No not me” stage, which usually occurs when a person is first told of a terminal illness.
The person cannot accept the reality of death or the person feels that loved ones cannot accept the truth.

26. HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Anger – This occurs when the person is no longer able to deny death
they may strike out against others or become hostile or bitter. Statements like “why me?” are common.

27. HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Bargaining – The person has accepted death but wants more time to live.
They may make promises to God for more time.
The will to live is very strong at this time and patients fight hard to achieve goals.

28. HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Depression – This occurs when the person realizes death will come and they will no longer be able to be with their families or be able to complete some of their goals.
They may experience overwhelming despair and/or great sadness

29. HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Acceptance – This is the final stage.
The person has accepted the fact that they will die and may begin to help others around then deal with their death.

30. HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
HOSPICE
Palliative Care: care that provides support and comfort
Usually in the pt.’s home and pt. has < 6 mths. to live
Hospice’s philosophy of care is to allow the pt. to die with dignity:
DNR -Right to Die

31. HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Measures of comfort provided by Hospice:
Equipment: beds, wheelchairs etc.
Counseling: spiritual, financial
Providing free or reduced medicines
Pain control
When death is imminent, pt. can die with dignity surrounded by family