1. 1. Introduction to the Climate System
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Overview of Midlatitude Climate
1.3 Overview of Tropical Climate
Key Concepts from today’s Lecture:
Earth’s energy balance (basics)
Atmospheric circulations in midlatitudes – jets, cyclones and anticyclones
Atmospheric circulations in tropics – monsoons, ITCZ, seasonality
Physics of large-scale circulations in the tropics

2. The amount of energy received by the earth
Solar Radiation Received at TOA
Figure 2.1
Solar absorbed
Outgoing radiation
Northward transport of energy
Northward transport by atmosphere
Figure 2.2

3. Annual variations in energy received by the earth
Figure 2.3

4. Mean Meridional Circulations
Figure 2.4

5. Zonal and time mean circulations
Figure 2.5

6. Zonal and time mean circulations
Figure 2.6

7. Zonal and time mean circulations
Figure 2.7

8. Zonal and time mean circulations
Figure 2.8

9. 1.2 Introduction: Overview of Midlatitude Climate

10. Asymmetric Circulations
Figure 2.9

11. Asymmetric Circulations
Figure 2.10

12. Asymmetric Circulations
Figure 2.11

13. Figure 2.12

14. Rainfall
Figure 2.13

15. 1.3 Introduction: Overview of Tropical Climate
Figure 2.14

16. Zonal and time mean circulations
Figure 2.15

17. Zonal and time mean circulations
Figure 2.16

18. 1.3 Introduction: Overview of Tropical Climate
Figure 2.17

19. Zonal and time mean circulations
Figure 2.18

20. 1.5 Zonal and time mean circulations
Figure 2.19

21. 1.3 Introduction: Overview of Tropical Climate
Figure 2.20

22. Figure 2.21

23. Tropical Synoptic Weather Systems
Westward moving synoptic waves characterize the whole tropics
They are tropospheric waves, that modulate the rainfall and move at about 8m/s and have wavelengths of km.
Figure 2.22

24. Figure 2.23

25. Figure 2.24

26. 1. Introduction to the Climate System
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Overview of Midlatitude Climate
1.3 Overview of Tropical Climate
Key Concepts from today’s Lecture:
Earth’s energy balance (basics)
Atmospheric circulations in midlatitudes – jets, cyclones and anticyclones
Atmospheric circulations in tropics – monsoons, ITCZ, seasonality
Physics of large-scale circulations in the tropics