1. Hana Hani Omar Nabil Omar Hesham Youssef Essam Ahmed Ali Karim Ahmed
4G-Long Term Evolution
Hana Hani Omar Nabil
Omar Hesham Youssef Essam Ahmed Ali Karim Ahmed

3. Personalized services4G
Fast
Efficient
Intelligent
More Bandwidth
Personalized services
Better quality

4. Meeting people’s demand is just the start of the story!
Communication so far is mostly about people speaking to people. The future of Communication will be about all kind of things speaking to each other through the internet. This is commonly called “The internet of things”.

5. Outline 1. History of wireless generations.
2. Limitations of 3G and drivers to 4G.
3. 4G technologies.
OFDMA
SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO
MULTIPLE INPUT MULTIPLE OUTPUT
4. Quality of Service.
5. Benefits.
6. Applications.
7. Company Visit

6. Outline 1. History of wireless generations.
2. Limitations of 3G and drivers to 4G.
3. 4G technologies.
OFDMA
SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO
MULTIPLE INPUT MULTIPLE OUTPUT
4. Quality of Service.
5. Benefits.
6. Applications.
7. Company Visit

7. I. History of wireless generations

8. Heirarchy 1G 2G 3G 4G

11. History of wireless generations

12. Outline 1. History of wireless generations.
2. Limitations of 3G and drivers to 4G.
3. 4G technologies.
OFDMA
SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO
MULTIPLE INPUT MULTIPLE OUTPUT
4. Quality of Service.
5. Benefits.
6. Applications.
7. Company Visit

13. II. Limitations of 3G and drivers for 4G

14. Limitations of 3G and drivers for 4G
Extension to higher data rates .
Cannot provide differentiated QoS.
Limitation of 2GHz Bandwidth.

15. Outline 1. History of wireless generations.
2. Limitations of 3G and drivers to 4G.
3. 4G technologies.
OFDMA
SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO
MULTIPLE INPUT MULTIPLE OUTPUT
4. Quality of Service.
5. Benefits.
6. Applications.
7. Company Visit

16. III. Key 4G Technologies

17. OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing or OFDM is a modulation format that is being used for many of the latest wireless and telecommunications standards.
Multiple access is achieved in OFDMA by assigning subsets of closely spaced subcarriers to individual users.

18. OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)
In modulation, Transmitted signals must be spaced.
The receiver can separate them using a filter and there must be a guard band between them.

19. OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)
In OFDM the sidebands from each carrier overlap.
However, no interference occurs because they are orthogonal to each another.
At the peak of each spectrum, the power in all other subcarriers is zero.

20. OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)
Advantages of OFDMA:
Its robustness to selective and multipath fading; Since the carriers are closely spaced.
Spectrum efficiency: The closed spaced sub- carriers make efficient use of the bandwidth.
Resilience to Intersymbol Interference ISI : Due to the use of low data rates.

21. OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)
Disadvantages of OFDMA:
More sensitive to carrier offset and drift than the single carrier modulation systems.
High peak to average power ratio.

22. Outline 1. History of wireless generations.
2. Limitations of 3G and drivers to 4G.
3. 4G technologies.
OFDMA
SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO
MULTIPLE INPUT MULTIPLE OUTPUT
4. Quality of Service.
5. Benefits.
6. Applications.
7. Company Visit

23. SDR (Software Defined Radio)
A software defined radio is one that can be configured to any radio or frequency standard
through the use of software.
A SDR will allow to increase network capacity at specific time (e.g. during a sports event) and the operator can reconfigure its network by adding several modems at a given Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

24. SDR (Software Defined Radio)
Adaptive Radio:
Adaptive radio is radio in which communications systems have a means of monitoring their own performance and modifying their operating parameters to improve this performance

25. SDR (Software Defined Radio)
Cognitive Radio:
Cognitive radio is radio in which communication systems are aware of their internal state and environment, such as location and utilization on RF frequency spectrum at that location. They can make decisions about their radio operating behaviour by mapping that information against predefined objectives.

26. SDR (Software Defined Radio)
Intelligent Radio:
Intelligent radio is cognitive radio that is capable of machine learning. This allows the cognitive radio to improve the ways in which it adapts to changes in performance and environment to better serve the needs of the end user.

27. SDR (Software Defined Radio)
Venn diagram illustrating relationship between
associated advanced wireless technologies

28. SDR (Software Defined Radio)
Advantages:
Greatly increase the spectrum efficiency
Mostly ensure the highest data-rate to the wireless terminal
Best share the network resources and channel utilization
Optimally manage the service quality and multimedia applications.

29. Outline 1. History of wireless generations.
2. Limitations of 3G and drivers to 4G.
3. 4G technologies.
OFDMA
SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO
MULTIPLE INPUT MULTIPLE OUTPUT
4. Quality of Service.
5. Benefits.
6. Applications.
7. Company Visit

30. MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output)
4G uses a technology called MIMO "Multiple in Multiple Out" where multiple antennas are used at both the source (transmitter) and the destination (receiver) to deliver super-fast speeds and to minimize errors .

31. MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output)
LTE MIMO Modes
Single ended : There is a number of different MIMO configurations or formats that can be used. These are termed SISO, SIMO, MISO and MIMO. These different MIMO formats offer different advantages and disadvantages - these can used in the most basic wireless systems that a signal could be transmitted by one antenna to a single or multiple antennas.

32. MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output)
LTE MIMO Modes
Spatial multiplexing : requires MIMO antenna configuration. In spatial multiplexing, a high-rate signal is split into multiple lower-rate streams and each stream is transmitted from a different transmit antenna in the same frequency channel.

33. MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output)
LTE MIMO Modes
Transmit diversity: This form of LTE MIMO scheme utilizes the transmission of the same information stream from multiple antennas

34. MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output)
Advantages:
Improve the performance of the system.
Enables far high data rates to be achieved.
Much improved spectral efficiency.
Disadvantages:
MIMO adds complexity to the system in terms of processing and the number of antennas required.

35. Outline 1. History of wireless generations.
2. Limitations of 3G and drivers to 4G.
3. 4G technologies.
OFDMA
SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO
MULTIPLE INPUT MULTIPLE OUTPUT
4. Quality of Service.
5. Benefits.
6. Applications.
7. Company Visit

36. IV. Quality of Service

37. Quality of Service (QoS)
What?
The performance of the system reflecting transmitting quality and service availability
Why?
Limited radiospectrum
Network traffic has to be managed

38. Quality of Service (QoS)
What is the outcome?
Guaranteed bit rate
High speed throughput
Priority service

39. Quality of Service (QoS)
How is LTE QoS implemented?

40. Quality of Service (QoS)
User Plane
Responsible for data traffic behaviour
Control Plane
Performs control related actions (MIP registration, signalling, Admission control)

41. Quality of Service (QoS)
As a conclusion, What is the benefit?
Network traffic is solved.
User is given good bandwidth, rate and no delay.
Therefore, User service meats expectations.

42. Outline 1. History of wireless generations.
2. Limitations of 3G and drivers to 4G.
3. 4G technologies.
OFDMA
SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO
MULTIPLE INPUT MULTIPLE OUTPUT
4. Quality of Service.
5. Benefits.
6. Applications.
7. Company Visit

43. V. Benefits

44. Benefits i.Advantages of 4G:
Easy installation: easiest and simplest way to go online
Faster speed: 4 times faster than its predecessors
Better signal: more reliable than others in the market
Wider coverage and better security: can cover up to 30 miles or more and guarantees better security
Flexible package plans
High capacity and low cost per bit

46. Benefits ii.Disadvantages of 4G
limited connectivity :it would take time to be available in major cities
Initial glitches and bugs: since technology is new these bugs will be annoying for the user
Poorer battery lives of mobile services: as a result of the use of multiple antennas

47. Outline 1. History of wireless generations.
2. Limitations of 3G and drivers to 4G.
3. 4G technologies.
OFDMA
SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO
MULTIPLE INPUT MULTIPLE OUTPUT
4. Quality of Service.
5. Benefits.
6. Applications.
7. Company Visit

48. VI. Application

49. Applications Virtual Navigation Crisis Management
Multimedia – video services

50. Outline 1. History of wireless generations.
2. Limitations of 3G and drivers to 4G.
3. 4G technologies.
OFDMA
SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO
MULTIPLE INPUT MULTIPLE OUTPUT
4. Quality of Service.
5. Benefits.
6. Applications.
7. Company Visit

51. VII. Company visit

52. Company visit The different wireless generations:
2G (GSM) is the bus and 3G ( UMTS) is the supermarket !
At each release the data rate increases. In Orange they work with Release 7 voice + data at downlink 42Mbps and uplink 5.7Mbps.

53. Company visit The different wireless generations:
But people are data hungry … LTE systems is the solution.

54. Company visit The different wireless generations:
But people are data hungry … LTE systems is the solution.
Bandwidth from 1.4 M to 20 Mbps. Carrier aggregation: The band defines the throughput.
Orange works with 10 Mbps , it gives throughput 75 Mbps.
Average throughput of 4G is much better.
Related technologies: 1-OFDMA MIMO:a)Spatial multiplexing
b)Diversity

55. Company visit Implementation in Egypt:
In Egypt we only have to adjust the antenna to operate in the desired band.
The service provider controls the operation band, so it can be adjusted to support 4G ( or 3G and 4G together in order not to lose the 3G users).
The 4G implementation in Egypt was late for License and Governmental reasons. However the equipment were available two years ago.

57. This evolution let us wonder what technology still has to offer in the future ;

58. Bibliography
technology-design/ofdm/ofdm-basics-tutorial.php
89/1184/1/4G%20Mobile%20Communication%20s ystem.pdf
tore/Visions.pdf

59. Any questions? Thank you