1. Structural Adaptations
Multicellular

2. Plant Adaptations Nonvascular vs Vascular Plant structure
Xylem vs. Phloem
Gymnosperm Vs. Angiosperm
Plant structure
Stamen vs carpel
Sepal vs leaves
Petals
Receptacle vs stem
Stomata on leaves

3. Animal Adaptations Invertebrates Vertebrates No backbone
95% of all animal species
Examples: sponges, worms, arthropods (insects, crabs), etc.
Vertebrates
Has backbone
Examples: cartilaginous fish (sharks), bony fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals

4. Animal Adaptations Ectothermic Endothermic Cold blooded animals
Reflects outside temperature
Endothermic
Warm blooded animals
Body maintains a certain temperature

5. Animal Adaptations Gills Lungs
External – gets oxygen from surrounding water
Lungs
Internal – breathes oxygen from air

6. Animal Adaptations 2 chambered heart 3 chambered heart
Use gills to replenish Oxygen in blood supply
1 flow route for blood
Ex. fish
3 chambered heart
Contains lungs for respiration
More blood flow
Ex. Amphibians and reptiles
Amphibians can also breathe through their skin
4 chambered heart
Most efficient for life on land
Ex. Birds and mammals

7. Animal Adaptations Internal Fertilization External Fertilization
Union of gametes inside the body of a parent
Ex. Mammals, arthropods, etc.
External Fertilization
Union of gametes outside the body of a parent
Ex. Fish, amphibians, etc.

8. Animal Adaptations Teeth Structure Beak Structure
Blunt vs sharp and pointy
Beak Structure
Thick vs thin
Long vs stout