1. World War I
Fighting The War

3. The Alliance System Collapses Check Homework on Page 9
The complex system of alliances and special interests draws Europe into war.
European countries take sides:
Triple Alliance  Central Powers (minus Italy)
Triple Entente  Allies

4. BEGINNING OF THE WAR EASTERN FRONT Alliances create two sides :
BALKAN FRONT
ITALIAN FRONT
THE MIDDLE EAST
WESTERN FRONT
500 miles from Switzerland to North Sea
Alliances create two sides :
Allies (Triple Entente)
Central Powers (Triple Alliance minus Italy)
Schlieffen Plan
“Paris for lunch, Dinner in St. Petersburg”
MOV 846

5. A Bloody Stalemate Along the Western Front
MOV 852
MOV 849
Belgium  propaganda
Stopping the Germans at the Battle of the Marne halts the Schlieffen Plan.
Trench warfare develops from the North Sea to the Alps.
Both sides fail to capture new ground and create a new kind of war.
Despite major battles and horrific casualties, neither side advances.
MOV 859

6. Western Front

7. TRENCH WARFARE “OVER THE TOP” “NO MAN’S LAND” LIFE IN THE TRENCHES
TRENCH FOOT
LICE
RATS
SHELL SHOCK
TRENCH WARFARE

8. white area is “no man’s land”
MOV 861
                                                                        
white area is “no man’s land”
artillery shelling results

9. Trench Facts
Every soldier carried iron rations -- emergency food that consisted of a can of bully bee, biscuits and a tin of tea and sugar.
A single pair of rats could produced up to 880 offspring in a year.
A total of 3,894 men in the British Army were convicted of self-inflicted wounds. A firing-squad offense -- none were executed, but all served prison terms.
The British Army treated 20,000 soldiers for trench foot during the winter of
One-third of all casualties on the Western Front may have been killed or wounded in a trench.
A lit candle was fairly effective in removing lice, but the skill of burning the lice without setting yourself on fire was difficult to learn.
Soldiers in the trenches often depended on impure water collected from shell-holes or other cavities, causing dysentery.
Christmas 1914

10. The Battle on the Eastern Front Check homework page 14
Germany gains the upper hand over Russian troops.
Battle of Tannenberg
Austrians push Russia out of the Balkans.
Without modern technology, the Russian army hangs on through the sheer strength of its numbers. They have more troops than anybody. (and more casualties)

11. Technology and Inventions Change Warfare
Machine gun
Artillery
“Big Bertha”
Tanks
Flame Thrower
Airships
Planes

12. ZEPPELINS
MOV 874

13. POISON GAS
MOV 880

14. TANKS

15. AIRPLANE

16. SUBMARINES (GERMAN U-BOATS)

17. LUSITANIA
Lusitania
The British steamship Lusitania is shown here departing from New York on its last trip in During this voyage a German submarine torpedoed the ship off the Irish coast, causing it to sink in 20 minutes; all 1198 people on board perished. The Germans claimed the ship was carrying arms, a charge Great Britain and the United States denied. The sinking became pivotal in changing U.S. attitudes toward the war in Europe, and was a major factor in America’s decision to enter World War I.

18. A Truly Global Conflict Check Homework Page 15
The allies expand the war:
Gallipoli
Middle East (Lawrence of Arabia)
Attempts to win war lead to grievous losses:
Verdun
Somme
Germany’s attacks on passenger ships (unrestricted submarine warfare) and a German plot (Zimmermann Note) lead the U.S. into the war on the side of the Allies.

19. War Affects the Home Front
MOV 876
World War I becomes a total war.
Governments take control of the their economies.
Many countries have rationing.
Millions of men the armies  women go to work in factories and elsewhere.
Propaganda
Genocide
MOV 878
MOV 882
MOV 871

21. Battles of 1916 “Slaughter”
Verdun
“The Furnace”
Somme
Ypres

22. Effects of War
Shell Shock
MOV 908
MOV 906

23. 1917 Russia withdraws U.S. entry Two revolutions Communist takeover
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Allows Germany to focus on Western Front  but fresh American troops give allies the edge at 2nd Battle of the Marne.
U.S. entry
Germany’s attacks on passenger ships (unrestricted submarine warfare) and a German plot (Zimmermann Note) lead the U.S. into the war on the side of the Allies.
MOV 914

24. Zimmerman Note
On the first of February we [Germany] intend to begin submarine warfare unrestricted. In spite of this it is our intention to keep neutral the United States of America.
If this attempt is not successful we propose an alliance on the following basis with Mexico: That we shall make war together and together make peace. We shall give general financial support, and it is understood that Mexico is to re-conquer the lost territory in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona. The details are left for your settlement.
You are instructed to inform the President of Mexico of the above in the greatest confidence as soon as it is certain there will be an outbreak of war with the United States, and we suggest that the President of Mexico on his own initiative should communicate with Japan suggesting adherence at once to this plan; at the same time offer to mediate between Germany and Japan.
Please call to the attention of the President of Mexico that the employment of ruthless submarine warfare now promises to compel England to make peace in a few months.
Zimmermann.

25. U.S. Enters the War Unrestricted Submarine Warfare Zimmerman Telegram
"…Johnny Get Your Gun, get your gun, get your gun Take it on the run, on the run, on the run Here them calling, You and Me Every Son of Liberty Hurry Right Away, Don’t delay, Go today Make You’re daddy glad, to have had, such a lad Tell your sweetheart not to pine To be proud her boy’s in line Over There, Over There, Send the word Send the word Over There …"
U.S. Enters the War
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
Zimmerman Telegram
April 2, 1917
Woodrow Wilson
“doughboys” “yanks”
General Pershing

27. The Allies Win the War Russia withdraws
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Allows Germany to focus on Western Front  fresh American troops give allies the edge at 2nd Battle of the Marne.
Kaiser abdicates. Germany and allies sign Armistice, ending the war on November 11, 1918.