1. NUCLEAR POWER PLANT SUBMITED BY…. ANJALI PRAKASH EN 3rd YEAR
BIT , MEERUT

2. WHAT IS NUCLEAR REACTION
Nuclear energy originates from the splitting of
uranium Atoms in a process called fission .

3. Advantages of NUCLEAR energy
Cheap and abundant form of energy Large amount of power is released from small amount
Of active material
Best from other conventional & traditional
Sources like coal & petroleum.
Complete fission of 1k.g of uranium is equivalent To 3100tonnes of coal & 1700tonnes of oil.

4. TYPES OF NUCLEAR REACTION
Inelastic scattering
Elastic scattering
Controlled fission
Neutron capturing
Fission reaction
Uncontrolled fission
Fusion reaction

5. FISSION REACTION It is a nuclear reaction in which , when unstable
heavy nucleus bombarded With high energy
neutrons , it split in to two fragments more or
less of Equal parts , this process is known as
nuclear fission.

8. U235 + n → fission + 2 or 3 n MeV
If each neutron releases two more neutrons, then the number of fissions doubles in each generation. In that
case, in 10 generations there are 1,024 fissions and in generations about 6 x (a mole) fissions.

9. TYPES OF FISSION REACTION
1 – CONTROLLED FISSION-
To maintain a sustained chain reaction , for every 2
or 3 Neutrons released only one must be allowed
to strike Another uranium nucleus .
A neutron absorbing element must be present to
control The amount of free neutrons in the
reaction space.

11. 2-UNCONTOLLED REACTION -
In an uncontrolled fission reaction such
as that which occur In a nuclear bomb ,
each nuclei undergoing fission releases
Two to three neutrons which than all
stimulate additional Fission reaction.

13. NUCLEAR FUEL Nuclear fuel is any material that can be
consumed to derive nuclear energy. The
most common type of nuclear fuel is
fissile elements that can be made to
undergo nuclear fission chain
reactions in a nuclear reactor .
NUCLEAR FUEL

14. NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
It is a thermal power station in which the heat source
is a nuclear reactor .As in a conventional thermal power
station the heat is used to generate Steam which drives a
stem turbine connected to a generator which produces
Electricity.
As of 16 jan 2013 , the IAEA Reports are 437 nuclear
power reactors in operation Operating in 31 countries.

15. COMPONENT OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANT 1-Nuclear reactor 2-control rod
3-steam generator
4-steam turbine
5-coolant pump
6-feed pump
7-condenser
8-cooling tower

17. NUCLEAR REACTOR
A nuclear reactor is a device in which nuclear chain reactions are initiated, controlled, and sustained at a steady rate, as opposed to a nuclear bomb, in which the chain reaction occurs in a fraction of a second and is uncontrolled causing an explosion.

19. CONTROL RODS
Control rods made of a material that absorbs neutrons are inserted into the bundle using a mechanism that can rise or lower the control rods.
. The control rods essentially contain neutron absorbers like, boron, cadmium or indium.

20. STEAM GENERATORS
Steam generators are heat exchangers used to convert water into steam from heat produced in a nuclear reactor core.
Either ordinary water or heavy water is used as the coolant.

21. STEAM TURBINE
A steam turbine is a mechanical
device that extracts thermal energy
from pressurized steam, and
converts it into useful mechanical
Various high-performance alloys
and super alloys have been used
for steam generator tubing.

22. COOLANT PUMP
The coolant pump pressurizes the coolant to pressures of the order of 155bar.
The pressure of the coolant loop is maintained almost constant with the help of the pump and a pressurized unit.

23. FEED PUMP
Steam coming out of the turbine, flows through the condenser for condensation and re-circulated for the next cycle of operation.
The feed pump circulates the condensed water in the working fluid loop.

24. CONDENSER
Condenser is a device or unit which is used to condense vapor into liquid.
The objective of the condenser are to reduce the turbine exhaust pressure to increase the efficiency and to recover high quality feed water in the form of condensate & feed back it to the steam generator without any further treatment.

26. ADVANTAGES
Nuclear power generation does emit relatively low amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2). The emissions of green house gases and therefore the contribution of nuclear power plants to global warming is therefore relatively little.
This technology is readily available, it does not have to be developed first.
It is possible to generate a high amount of electrical energy in one single plant

27. Cheapest & abundant form of energy
Large amount of energy production
Operating cost less than thermal power station
Less floor space is required
As less fuel is required so less transportation charges

28. DISADVANTAGES
Nuclear power plants as well as nuclear waste could be preferred targets for terrorist attacks..
During the operation of nuclear power plants, radioactive waste is produced, which in turn can be used for the production of nuclear weapons.

29. Waste product are radioactive and may cause damage
to living tissues In form of skin cancer
Hot water expelled out may cause thermal
pollution
Radiation which are produced due to radioactivity
may cause harm
If reaction get uncontrolled this may lead to complete
disaster like CHERNOBYL disaster.

30. CHERNOBYL DISASTER
26 APRIL 1986

31. NUCLEAR POWER PLANT IN india
6 nuclear power plant generate 4780 MW while 7
other are under construction & expected to generate
an additional 5300 MW.

32. Kaiga
NPCIL
Karnataka
PHWR
220 x 4
880
Kakrapar
Gujarat
220 x 2
440
Kalpakkam
Tamil Nadu
Narora
Uttar Pradesh
Rawatbhata
Rajasthan
100 x x x 4
1180
Tarapur
Maharashtra
BWR (PHWR)
160 x x 2
1400
Total 20
4780

35. CONCLUSION ……..
Finally it can be said that proper utilization of nuclear
energy will Help the world in overcoming the energy
crises as well as it will also Help in prevention of reduction
of traditional exhaustible sources like Coal &
petroleum which are left over in a little amount.