1. 新材料作文---概括指导 How to write a summary of narration
Learning aim: To further master the methods and skills of writing summaries of narrative passages
Difficult point: How to write an exact summary without leaving out key points

2. 学生习作常见错误： 概括内容要点不完整 使用太多细节内容而不是用概括的语言 过多引用原文词句 词数过多 用第一人称而不是第三人称转述
时态错误

3. 学生习作常见错误1:
The passage tells us that last Sunday a man went fishing but he didn’t catch any fish in two hours. At this time he saw an old man sitting near him. The man asked the man how to catch fishes. The old man said that you should be patient.
概括内容要：
精，准，全
使用太多细节，语言不够概括

4. 学生习作常见错误2:
The story mainly tells us that the writer was fishing and didn’t catch any fish. When he prepared to go back home,he found an old man sitting there and his basket was full of fish. In the end, he caught many fish.
引用原文词句
不得直接引用原文的句子

5. 学生习作常见错误3:
The story mainly tells us that the writer was fishing but made no achievements and prepared to go back home. While an old man whose basket was full of fish told him that fish is very important to be patient . The author learned to be patient. At last, the author caught fish and realized the secret of success was patience. (共60词)
词数过多
词数:约30词（小于20词或大于40词，扣2分）

6. 学生习作常见错误4:
The writer tells us that he went fishing but didn’t catch any fish after waiting 2 hours. Then an old man sitting near me told me his secret of fishing was patience. Finally the writer succeeded.
人称用错，应该用第三人称
一般以第三人称来表述

7. 学生习作常见错误5:
The passage mainly tells us that the writer didn’t catch any fish because of his impatience. He become happy when he understand the patience is the key to success.
时态错误
与原文时态一致

8. 写概括时应满足的5个条件 (1)概括内容要点要：精，准，全
(2)不得直接引用原文的句子（同义词组替换法；正话反说法；语态变换；简单句变复合句……）
(3)词数:约30词（小于20词或大于40词，扣2分）
(4) 一般以第三人称来表述
(5)与原文时态一致（正文和结尾除外）

9. 记叙文概括的方法---串联要素法 第一步：先通读全文，找出几个要素 who → 谁 what→ 何事 when→ 何时 where→ 何地
why → 原因
as a result/consequence/finally → 结果
…….,which led to
开头套用句式：
The story/passage is about……
The writer/author tells us about….
The story/passage mainly tells us that……
The passage describes ….
第二步：用自己的话串联起来
万能公式：The passage mainly tells us that sb. (who……) did sth. (at someplace
at sometime ) because of / as a result of /due to ……, which led to ……
finally/eventually……

10. Last Sunday I went fishing
Last Sunday I went fishing. After setting up my fishing rod with bait, I sat down on the bank of the lake. But two hours later, I didn’t catch any fish. I got very angry and began to pack up my stuff, preparing to go back home.
Just then, I saw an old man sitting near me. To my surprise, his basket was full of fish, so I went over to him, wanting to know why. “Excuse me, but how long have you sat here?” I asked. “About four hours,” he answered. “Four hours?” I couldn’t believe my ears. “Yes. It’s very important to be patient,” the old man said. “Don’t consider fishing a tiring sport. Just enjoy it.” Suddenly, I understood what he said. I must learn to be patient. Then I sat there and waited for fish patiently. I felt a fish touch the bait, but I didn’t move and waited for the right moment to reel it in. At last, I caught it. This made me very happy. In the following six hours, I caught over 10 fish.
On my way home, I thought what had happened on the bank. I gradually realized that the secret of success was patience.
had no patience

11. 第一步：请找出这篇短文的几个要素： 第二步：用自己的话串联起来 what→ 何事 ①____________________________
who → 谁 ① _______________ ②________________
what→ 何事 ①____________________________
②__________________________
when→ 何时
where→ 何地
why → 原因 ① ______________________________________
② ______________________________________
as a result → 结果 ______________________________________________________
I (the writer)
an old man
didn’t catch any fish
his basket was full of fish
got very angry
It’s very important to be patient
learn to be patient; caught it.
第二步：用自己的话串联起来

12. did sth. (at some place at some time )
The writer
who had no patience at first
万能公式：sb. (who……)
did sth. (at some place at some time )
because of / as a result of /due to ……,
which led to …/finally/eventually……
caught a lot of fish
after becoming patient
because of being influenced by an old man
him realizing patience is the key to success

13. intended to have given up
One possible version
had intended to give up
intended to have given up
The passage mainly tells us that the writer who had no patience at first caught a lot of fish after becoming patient because of being influenced by an old man. Finally , he realized patience is the key to success.

14. Group Work 阅读下面的短文，然后以约30个词概括这篇短文的主要内容。
Hi, I am Mike. I just went through my first year of college. The toughest part on me at first was the general adjustment. I went to a very small high school where my mom was a teacher and she did practically everything for me. But at the college I need to know some basic life skills, such as balancing a check-book, laundry, and the things you have to be able to handle that I never thought of in the high school! It was really tough for me at first and I got badly homesick.
Once that first semester was over and I got used to the college life, I love it—good facilities, helpful instructors, and a good library. The student’s Union organizes various parties every week. I also go to cinemas and concerts, and often spend Saturday nights in pubs and clubs.
One thing I think is important is to get yourself active in things. I was on dance team in college and met a ton of people that way—it was so much easier to make friends when you had a common ground.

15. 第二步：用自己的话串联起来(根据万能公式)
第一步：请找出这篇短文的几个要素：
who → 谁 _______________
when→ 何时 ① ____________ what→ _________________
② _________________ _________________
where→ 何地
why → 原因 ______________________________________
as a result → 结果 __________________________________________________
第二步：用自己的话串联起来(根据万能公式)
万能公式：The passage mainly tells us that sb. (who……) did sth. (at someplace
at sometime ) because of / as a result of /due to ……, which led to ……
finally/eventually……

16. Presentation & Evaluation

17. Group Work 阅读下面的短文，然后以约30个词概括这篇短文的主要内容。
Hi, I am Mike. I just went through my first year of college. The toughest part on me at first was the general adjustment. I went to a very small high school where my mom was a teacher and she did practically everything for me. But at the college I need to know some basic life skills, such as balancing a check-book, laundry, and the things you have to be able to handle that I never thought of in the high school! It was really tough for me at first and I got badly homesick.
Once that first semester was over and I got used to the college life, I love it—good facilities, helpful instructors, and a good library. The student’s Union organizes various parties every week. I also go to cinemas and concerts, and often spend Saturday nights in pubs and clubs.
One thing I think is important is to get yourself active in things. I was on dance team in college and met a ton of people that way—it was so much easier to make friends when you had a common ground.

18. One possible version:
did sth. sb
Group work 1 范文：
The passage mainly tells us that Mike, (who had difficulty in adjusting to the first-year college life) got accustomed to it one semester later because of the colurful activities and enjoyed himself.
when
because of

19. Individual Work
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. This is Li Hua from Senior Three. I'm here today to share with you a good lesson from an overseas Chinese student living in Germany. It is a true story.
After years of hard work, this Chinese student graduated with amazing academic achievements. Everyone thought he was going to get a good job easily and have a bright future. But to his disappointment, he was not even allowed the chance for an interview! The third time he was turned down, he couldn't help telephoning the company to ask why they didn't want him. The answer was simple, "We don't hire dishonest people in Germany.
What was wrong you might wonder? The truth is, shortly after he arrived in Germany, this clever student found that it was easy to skip buying subway tickets. So, to save money, he often went without a ticket. As a result, he had been caught without a ticket in the subway three times.
From this story, we learn that we may get short-term benefits by dishonest means, but the truth will come out sooner or later and the cost is high. So remember, honesty is the best policy. That's all for my speech.
Thank you!

20. Presentation & Evaluation

21. Individual Work
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. This is Li Hua from Senior Three. I'm here today to share with you a good lesson from an overseas Chinese student living in Germany. It is a true story.
After years of hard work, this Chinese student graduated with amazing academic achievements. Everyone thought he was going to get a good job easily and have a bright future. But to his disappointment, he was not even allowed the chance for an interview! The third time he was turned down, he couldn't help telephoning the company to ask why they didn't want him. The answer was simple, "We don't hire dishonest people in Germany.
What was wrong you might wonder? The truth is, shortly after he arrived in Germany, this clever student found that it was easy to skip buying subway tickets. So, to save money, he often went without a ticket. As a result, he had been caught without a ticket in the subway three times.
From this story, we learn that we may get short-term benefits by dishonest means, but the truth will come out sooner or later and the cost is high. So remember, honesty is the best policy. That's all for my speech.
Thank you!

22. 用自己的话串联起来(根据万能公式) One possible version:
_________________ tells us that ______________ _______________________didn’t _______________
on purpose when _________________, which led to _________________________due to _____________.
The passage mainly
an excellent Chinese student
buy the subway tickets
studying in Germany
him not being able to find a job
his dishonesty

23. Review the steps of writing a summary
第一步：先通读全文，找出几个要素
who → 谁
what→ 什么
when→ 何时
where→ 何地
why → 原因
as a result/consequence/finally → 结果
…….,which leads to
第二步：用自己的话串联起来
万能公式：The passage mainly tells us that sb. (who……) did sth. (at someplace
at sometime ) because of / as a result of /due to ……, which led to ……
finally/eventually……

24. Homework 阅读下面的短文，然后以约30个词概括这篇短文的主要内容。
Once upon a time some tiny frogs held a competition. The first to reach the top of a very high tower would be the winner .A big crowd gathered around the tower to see the race and cheer them on.
The race began .No one in the crowd really believed that any of the tiny frogs would reach the top of tower ."They will never make it to the top ",someone said.
One by one ,the tiny frogs began to collapse.
The crowd kept shouting, "It's too difficult !No frog will make it !"
More tiny frogs got tired and gave up ,but one continued climbing ,higher and higher .This one wouldn't give up .
In the end ,he was the only one left .The only one to get to the top .The other frogs naturally wanted to know : How did the frog make it ?
One frog stepped forward to ask the winner .It turned out ...that the winner was deaf.
He had won because he was able to keep his own mind .He couldn't hear criticism ;neither could he hear praise .There is a lesson for us all in the little frog's story.
Don't let others hold you back on your way to your goal.

25. One possible version
The passage mainly tells us that only one frog tried his best to got to the top of a high tower and won the race because of his deafness, which led to him sticking to his own goals.

26. Thank you!