1. English around the world
Unit 2
English around the world

2. Learning about language
1。第五册的模板用这个。
2。文章标题要写上

3. Review
because of 因为，由于 …
voyage 航行，航海
native 本国的，本土的
come up （to) 到…(去） actually 实际上，事实上
base 以…基础
at present 目前
gradually 逐渐地
rule 统治
Danish 丹麦语
vocabulary 词汇

4. make use of 利用 …
spelling 拼写
latter 后者
identity 身份
fluent 流利 的
Singapore 新加坡
Malaysia 马来西亚
such as 比如

5. 1.petrol 2.voyage 3.gradually 4.frequently 5.identity 6.the latter
Match the new words and expressions with their meanings 1
1.petrol
2.voyage
3.gradually
4.frequently
5.identity
6.the latter
7.actually
8.fluent
who or what somebody or something is
a word for gas in British English .
not sudden
in fact
the second of two things or people already mentioned
often
long trip by sea or in space
able to speak or write a language well

6. Complete this passage with the words from the warming up and Reading.2
It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as________ as a ________ English speaker. One reason is that English has a large _________. It also has different usage in different English speaking countries. If you say “flat" instead of “_________”, people in America will know you have learned British English. If you use the word _______ instead of “lift" in Britain, people will know you have studied American English.
fluently
native
vocabulary
apartment
Shared Pool Components
During the parse stage, the server process uses the area in the SGA known as the
shared pool to compile the SQL statement. The shared pool has two primary
components:
• Library cache
• Data dictionary cache
Library Cache The library cache stores information about the most recently used
SQL statements in a memory structure called a shared SQL area. The shared SQL area
contains:
• The text of the SQL statement
• The parse tree: A compiled version of the statement
• The execution plan: The steps to be taken when executing the statement
The optimizer is the function in the Oracle server that determines the optimal
execution plan.
Shared Pool Components (continued)
Library Cache (continued) If a SQL statement is reexecuted and a shared SQL
area already contains the execution plan for the statement, the server process does not
need to parse the statement. The library cache improves the performance of
applications that reuse SQL statements by reducing parse time and memory
requirements. If the SQL statement is not reused, it is eventually aged out of the
library cache.
Data Dictionary Cache
The data dictionary cache, also known as the dictionary cache or row cache, is a
collection of the most recently used definitions in the database. It includes information
about database files, tables, indexes, columns, users, privileges, and other database
objects.
During the parse phase, the server process looks for the information in the dictionary
cache to resolve the object names specified in the SQL statement and to validate the
access privileges. If necessary, the server process initiates the loading of this
information from the data files.
Sizing the Shared Pool
The size of the shared pool is specified by the initialization parameter
SHARED_POOL_SIZE.
elevator

7. such as make use of because of come up at present3
Add these phrase to the rhyme so that it makes sense.
such as make use of because of come up at present
“Will you____________ to my flat?” asked the spider to the fly. “____________ it’s so pleasant to look down from so high. ____________ the clear sky it’s possible to see Buildings ___________ theatres and hotels by the sea. So won’t you please ___________ this chance to look?” The fly agreed immediately without a second thought. But as soon as she went up with a step so light that day, The spider caught and ate her and she was seen again!
come up
At present
Because of
such as
make use of

8. at/on past/after in/on from/than4
Sometimes British and American people use different prepositions for the same idea. Choose a pair of prepositions. Then compare them.
at/on past/after in/on from/than
There are so many people ________ the street.
They are going to a party ________the weekend.
We will leave for the airport at a quarter ________five.
in/on
at/on
past/after

9. His brother is _______ the most famous
football team in England.
5.As we know, British English is a little
different __________American English.
6.Are there many children playing ______
the playground?
in/on
from/than
in/on

10. Requests and Commands
Direct speech
Requests: Do ... , please.
Can you... ?
Could you ... ?
Will you ... ?
Would you ... ?
Commands: Do ...
Don’t ...

11. Commands: A told/ordered B to do sth. A told/ordered B not to do sth.
Indirect speech
Requests: A asked B to do sth.
A asked B not to do sth.
Commands: A told/ordered B to do sth.
A told/ordered B not to do sth.

12. “Look at this example,” the teacher said to us. 1
Can you find the following command and request from Reading ? Let’s see how to retell them in indirect speech.
EXAMPLES
“Look at this example,” the teacher said to us.
The teacher told us to look at that example.
“Would you like to see my flat?” she asked.
She asked me to see her flat.

13. Rules and practice of direct and indirect speech
当直接引语为祈使句时，转换为间接引语要用一个带动词不定式的简单句表示：

14. 祈使句 e．g． The teacher said to me, “Come in .”
直引：主语+动词+“祈使句”
间引：主语+动词+to Verb
e．g． The teacher said to me, “Come in .”
---The teacher told me to go in 。
John said to me , “Please shut the window。”
---John asked me to shut the window。
The teacher said to me, “ Don’t be late again.”
---The teacher advised me not to be late again.

15. 特别提醒 1.祈使句变为间接引语，主要使用动词不定式。 2.谓语动词要做一定变化。 表示命令，用tell，order，command等。
表示请求，用ask，beg，request等。
表示忠告，用 advise。

16. Open the window. Will you please open the window? Don’t open
Direct speech
Indirect speech
Open the window.
Miss Hu told ** to
open the window.
told to
Will you please
open the window?
Miss Hu asked ** to
open the window.
asked to
Don’t open
the window.
Miss Hu told ** not
to open the window.
not

17. “Write a letter to your parents.”
Try to do this:
“Write a letter to your parents.”
“Don’t play games in the classroom.”
“Can you pass on the book to Tom?”
“Will you please not smoke here?”
The teacher told me to write a letter ….
The teacher ordered me not to play games ….
The teacher asked me to pass on …
The teacher asked me not to smoke there.

18. “It is a fine day. Let’s go to the country for a picnic
“It is a fine day. Let’s go to the country for a picnic.” Peter said to me.
Peter said that it was a fine day and
asked me to go to the country for a
picnic with him.
Peter told me that it was a fine
day and let us go to the country
for a picnic.

19. 感叹句 直引：主语+动词+“感叹句” 间引：主语+动词+陈述句
  感叹句
直引：主语+动词+“感叹句”
间引：主语+动词+陈述句
e.g. He said, “ what a fine day it is !”
He said , “ How fine the day is !”
He said what a fine day it was .
He said how fine the day was .
He exclaimed that it was a fine day.

20. 特别提醒 1. 间接感叹句的动词应该是cry 或exclaim 。
2. 可以仍用what，how 等词，语序不变，也可以用that 从句，把动词 say 改为cry，shout，exclaim 等。

21. Practice
1.He said to Tom, “Don’t do the work any more.”
He told Tom not to do the work any more.
2.Mrs. Green said, “Please sing us a song, Miss White.”
3. “Be quiet, children.” said Mrs. Wilson.
Mrs. Green asked Miss White to sing them a song.
Mrs. Wilson told the children to be quiet.
4. All the people cried, “What magnificent
clothes these are!”
All the people cried what magnificent clothes these were.

22. Summary of Requests and Commands
Items of grammar
Imperative
Questions
Requests
Commands
Could you help me with my work?
Would you please come back on time?
Will you go there with me?
Lend me your book, please.
Open the door, please.
Give me your money.
Do it again.

23. Indirect/Reported Speech
Direct Speech
Indirect/Reported Speech
Negative forms
Command
“Come
here quickly”.
“Get up
early”.
She told me
to go there
quickly.
to get up
early.
“A asked B not to do something”
“A told B not to do something.”

24. Indirect/Reported Speech
Direct Speech
Indirect/Reported Speech
Negative forms
Request
She asked me to lend her some money.
She asked me to close the windows.
“A asked B not to do something.”
“A told B not to do something.”
“Will you lend me some money?”
“Close the windows, please”.

25. Would you please open the window? Request Very polite
In English you use a command or a request when you want someone to do something. Please look at the three sentences and tell the difference. 2
Command
Not polite
Open the window
Please open the window.
Would you please open the window?
Request
Very polite

26. Correct your spelling mistakes. Please ….
Look at these expressions and classify them into Commands and Requests.
Correct your spelling mistakes.
Please ….
Can I sit here and wait for the doctor?
How do you spell that please?
Go and …!
Would you please …?

27. Do that now!
Can I please?
Hold that elevator!
Say that again!
Would you please speak more slowly?
Could you repeat the sentence?
Go and buy some more petrol!
Take the dog for a walk!

28. The children asked their teacher to sing a song for them.
Read these sentences and decide which is a command and which is a request.
Then retell them in indirect speech. 3
The children said to their teacher: “Would you please sing a song for us?”
The mother said to her child: “Turn off the radio!”
The dentist said to a patient: “Open your mouth please, so I can see the bad tooth clearly.”
The children asked their teacher to sing a song for them. R
The mother told her child to turn off the radio. C
The dentist asked his/her patient to open his/her mouth so that he/she could see the bad tooth clearly. R

29. John asked his classmate if he could borrow his pen
The secretary said to the woman on the phone: “Could you hold on for a minute?”
John said to his classmate: “Can I borrow your pen please?”
The teacher said to his student: “Come up to my office! ”
The secretary asked the woman on the phone to hold on for a minute or two. R
John asked his classmate if he could borrow his pen R
The teacher told his/her student to come up to his/her office C

30. Make some dialogues using commands and requests and retell them in indirect speech.4
A bear is moving towards a boy. What do you say to the boy to make sure that he is not hurt?
An English teacher is telling her students what they must do for homework. A student cannot hear the teacher very clearly. What should he say to his classmate to find out what to do?

31. S1: Stand still! Don’t move! S2: What’s the matter?
Simple dialogue for situation one
S1: Stand still! Don’t move!
S2: What’s the matter?
S1: Don’t get excited but there’s a bear behind you!
S2: Oh help! What should I do?
S1: Stay still and the bear will move away. Yes, he’s doing that. It’s OK. You can relax now!

32. Situation one in indirect speech
A man saw a bear coming towards a boy. He wanted the boy to stand still and not move. The boy was puzzled and wondered what was wrong. The man told him that a bear was coming up behind him but that he was not to get excited.

33. S1: Thank you. I couldn’t have managed without your help.
Simple dialogue for situation two
T: Now listen to me. This is your homework for tonight. I would be grateful if you brought it to me as first thing tomorrow morning.
S1: What’s that she said? Please help me. I couldn’t hear her properly.
S2: The teacher said that this was our homework and we must finish by tomorrow morning.
S1: Thank you. I couldn’t have managed without your help.

34. Situation one in indirect speech
The teacher gave the class some homework and asked them to give it to her the following morning. One boy said he could not hear her clearly and asked his classmate to tell him what she had said. The classmate repeated the teacher’s instructions and the boy was grateful to him.

35. 高考链接：
We won’t give up _______ we should fail 10 times.
A. even if B. since C. whether D. until
2. — I don’t have any change with me. Will you pay the fare for me?
---- ________ .
A. That’s fine B. Nothing serious
C. Never mind D. No problem
Do you mind if I keep pets in this building?
---- _______ .
A. I’d rather you didn’t, actually
B. Of course not, it’s not allowed here
C. Great! I love pets D. No, you can’t

36. 4. The teacher asked us ____ so much noise.
A. don’t make B. not make
C. not making D. not to make
5. Visitors ____ not to touch the exhibits.
A. will request B. request
C. are requesting D. are requested

37. Assignment 1. Try to remember the rules of direct and indirect speech.
2. Finish the exercises on WB.
3. Prepare for the next class.