1. UNDERSTANDING LANGUAGES

2. UNDERSTANDING LANGUAGES
As we review linguistics this semester, please write down each term that is defined in our power point review. There will be a quiz at the end of the mini-unit, before we begin our full unit for this quarter. Try not to worry about this too much, as you have seen all these terms before in class last year.

3. Repaso:
What is a language?
Language: the act of speaking, writing, or signing in a particular situation in order to communicate.

4. What is a language family?
Repaso:
What is a language family?
Language family: A group of languages deriving from a single ancestor or parent. English comes from the Germanic language family.

5. A 2:44

8. Repaso:
What is a dialect?
Dialect: A term that tends to refer to subvarieties of a single language. This is different from “accent,” because dialects can differ in terms of no only pronunciation, but also words, word and sentence structure, and meaning.

9. Repaso:
What is an accent then?
Accent: An accent only has to do with the pronunciation of a word.

10. Repaso:
Language formation: When dialects become so different from one another that they cannot be mutually understood, they are generally considered to have formed a new “daughter” language.

11. Dialectal Map of Spanish in Latin America
Dialectal Map of Spain (Why do you think Spain has more dialects than the Latin American countries have?)
Examples of Dialectal Differences
American Dialect Quiz

12. Now….
I need a volunteer.
American Dialect Quiz

13. Getting back to Spanish…

14. What language family does Spanish belong to?
The Italic Language Family

15. How many Spanish-speaking countries are there?
Spanish is a national language in 20 sovereign states and one dependent entity, totaling around 442 million people.

16. What is a COGNATE?
Cognate: A cognate is a word that is descended from the same parent language or the same form.

17. What is a COGNATE?
Examples:
el estudiante
la clase
el papel
el examen
las notas
student
class
paper
exam
notes

18. THERE ARE TWO LANGUAGES IN PARTICULAR THAT SHARE LARGE QUANTITIES OF COGNATES WITH BOTH ENGLISH AND SPANISH. THESE LANGUAGE LEARNING HEROES ARE…

19. LATIN

20. FRENCH

21. OUR LANGUAGE-LEARNING HEROS
BUT, beware of…
False Cognates: these are pairs of words that seem to be cognates because of similar sounds or spellings, but actually have different meanings.

22. EXAMPLES OF FALSE COGNATES
ENGLISH
SPANISH
sober
sobre
yearn
yerno
rope
ropa
carpeta
carpet
sonar
sonar

23. Sober in Spanish is actually the word…
SOBRIO
And the word sobre in Spanish actually means…
ON OR ON TOP OF

24. EXAMPLES OF FALSE COGNATES
ENGLISH
SPANISH
On or on top of
sobre
Son-in-law
yerno
clothing
ropa
carpeta
folder
To sound (verb)
sonar

25. EL FIN