1. APPLYING THE HUMAN SECURITY APPROACH AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL 2 OCTOBER 2013 United Nations, New York  
Shahrbanou Tadjbakhsh
Human Security Concentration
Master’s of Public Affairs,
Institute of Political Studies (Sciences Po, Paris)

2. From foreign … to domestic policy
So far, gains made from adoption of HS as FP:
Shaping ODA policy
Informing peacekeeping operations (military, etc)
Peacebuilding agenda (resilience during crisis, etc)
Support for specific issues (landmines, diamond certification, child soldiers, etc)
Problem:
For others
Depends on good will of govts
Piecemeal and not integrated

3. Question
Why is the concept good enough for others and not for own societies?
Is Human Security old wine in new bottle?
Is there really an added value for domestic policy?

4. Simple answers
Components not new: Freedom from fear (security), freedom from want (development) and freedom from indignity (human rights).
But what is new:
Inserting a “threats to humans” element to each of these traditional frameworks
Putting them together in an inter-dependent way (breaking silos)
Putting all these at the service of mankind (and not institutions)

5. Human Security adds to each component while building on the intersection between the three frameworks
Human Development (HS adds insurance against risks)
Human Rights (HS flips content from ‘Rights to’ to ‘Freedoms from fears’)
Security
(HS adds people focus)

6. To the traditional Security Framework …
Introducing “people” in addition to states as answers to the 3 questions:
Security of Whom?/What?
Security from What?
Security by what means?

7. Means State security depends on people/community security
Defense/military/national security agenda broadened people to non-traditional threats
Seeking root causes of insecurity in development and HR issues
Protection of civilians

8. To the Human Development Framework…
If Human Development is about widening people’s choices and ensuring growth with equity,…
Human security is enabling people to exercise these choices safely and freely, and to be relatively confident that the opportunities they have today will not be lost tomorrow. (UNDP HDR 1994)

9. Means INSURANCE/SUSTAINABILITY: RESILIENCE: STABILIZATION
Ensuring that development policies are accompanied by safety nets, insurance etc. so that when crisis hit, people do not suffer as much
RESILIENCE:
Building resilience for people to prevent or mitigate risks
STABILIZATION
Peace as a development strategy (MDGs)
SUBJECTIVITY:
Gauging/evaluating gains from point of view of how individuals feel safe

10. To the Human Rights Framework..
Focuses on conditions that allow HR to happen.
Not just rights to, but freedom from (stability of threats)

11. Means Sees security as a right
Brings flexible, yet context-specific frameworks for addressing insecurity through a widened range of actors and mechanisms
Overcomes divide between civil/political and economic, social and cultural rights

12. The 4 principles for HS programming
Policy norms rather than a legal framework
People-centered
Inter-connected hence comprehensive
Context specific
Preventive (Prevention oriented)

13. Addressing the 3 freedoms holistically
HS principle
Tools
Why and how
People centered
Perspectives of people and their own assessment of insecurities and their capacities
Proper disaggregation of people
Participation at all stages of policy
Empowerment through capacity building
Impacts assessed against changes in security in their lives
As opposed to institions
Keeping the pulse, asking
Understading Subjectivity
Conditionality of adherence to insittutions and trade off on insecurities
Inter-connected and comprehensive
Addressing the 3 freedoms holistically
Assessing positive and negative externalities in different domains
Multi/inter-sectoral and comprehensive olicies/programs .
Integrated approaches are the real challenges
Integrated solutions otherwise we will do harm

14. Indept knowledge about situation
Context specific
Indept knowledge about situation
Perceptions and assessment of own populations
linked to exisiting policies/institutions/processes
People have different fears but fears nonetheless
Applicability to north south
Prevention-focused
Policy/programming based on assessment of risks and vulnerabilities
long-term solutions that address structural root causes
Root cause analysis
Consequences on to other areas
Early action: Diplomacy 

15. Prevention as the ultimate goal
For human security, is a child that did not die, a disease that did not spread, an ethnic violence that did not explode, a woman who was not raped, a poor person who did not starve, a dissident who was not silenced, a human spirit that was not crushed. Human security is not a concern with weapons. It is a concern with human dignity."

16. 2 tools for using HS for programatic approaches
1) Human Security Analytical Framework (HSAF): to examine the causes and consequences of insecurities and conflicts
2) Human Security Evaluative Framework (HSEF) to  assess the possible responses by actors

17. 1) HUMAN SECURITY ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK: The Inter-Sectorality and Externalities Analytical Framework
To assess manifestations of impacts of insecurities on other domains…
(to determine causes and consequences)

18. Vulnerabilities/Threats
Economic
Food
Health
Environmental
Personal
Community
Political

19. 2) HUMAN SECURITY PROGRAMATIC FRAMEWORK: For developing strategies and for evaluating intended and unintended consequences of actions in different domains

20. Possible interventions in the primary HS domain
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE
Possible negative externalities in the primary HS domain
Possible externalities on OTHER insecurity domains
SECONDARY OBJECTIVES
Positive outcomes intended in other domains
Negative possible potential outcomes unintended- possibility
Economic security
To create jobs
Food security
Health
Security
Family planning and HIV prevention

21. Case study: HS applied to Counter Terrorism
More nuanced understanding of
Causes
Consequences
Methods to prevent and counter

22. Causes of terrorism/extremism
Traditional Security:
Politically motivated Crime
Supply (lax control, nexus with narco-trade etc)
Human security:
Security: Politically motivated Crime
Development: Radicalization of unemployed
HR: Marginalization, social exclusion, repression
Focus not only on isolated criminals but also on conditions in society that feeds into or tolerates

23. Consequences Traditional security: Destabilization of state and system
Fear in people
Human security:
Destabilization of state, system
Fear in people for their survival and livelihoods
Lack of dignity for victims and suspects

24. CT Methods Traditional security approach Order (police, army)
Law (prosecution)
Intelligence
Human security approach
Law and order
Development (hearts and minds, employment, choices, opportunities)
Human rights (inclusive governance, voices, dignity)

25. Case studies
Case Study 2: Understanding and dealing with the problem of suburbs in France
Case Study 3: Financial crisis
Case Study 4: Ensuring gains made in development in Turkmenistan

26. The real challenges Itemization/issues approach Prioritization
Silos turfs
Prevention

27. Requirements Champions
 Cross sectoral/ Integrated institutional frameworks
Advisory groups or support networks of policymakers and academics to deveop tools and review policies
Systematic review of policies
Ability for policy to be flexible: Do no harm