1. The age of Exploration and Discovery

2. rulers wanted to become rich and powerful
Why did the explorations begin?
The demand for spices
rulers wanted to become rich and powerful
To spread the Christian religion
Ships could last longer at sea

3. Long voyages were made more possible by the following inventions:
Caravels, which were fast and could last longer at sea

4. Instruments such as
the compass (for direction)
the log and line (to measure speed)
the lead and rope (to measure depth)
the astrolabe and quadrant
(to calculate latitude)
More accurate maps

5. Life on board a ship The captain was in charge
His assistant was called the first mate
Sailors ate with their fingers
Foods eaten included biscuits, cheese, onions, beans and fish- often food and water supplies were low
Diseases like scurvy were common
Storms often causes damage to the ships and drowning
Fear of attack from native populations

6. Prince Henry the Navigator, who
Portuguese explorers included:
Prince Henry the Navigator, who
sponsored sea-journeys along the West Coast of Africa.
Bartholomew Diaz, who rounded the cape of Good Hope in South Africa.
Vasco da Gama, who found a route to
Calicut in India.

7. Christopher Columbus sailed west across the Atlantic to America, which he thought was India.
Ferdinand Magellan’s voyage travelled westwards all around the world, although he himself was killed in the Philippines.
Spain and Portugal divided the world between them at the Treaty of Tordesillas.

9. Ruthless Spanish Conquistadores (conquerors) included:
Hernando Cortes, who conquered the Aztecs of Mexico.
Francisco Pizarro, who conquered the Incas in Peru.

10. Ferdinand Magellan http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_XpxHsYaohg

11. As a result of European conquests:
Many native civilisations were destroyed
Local people were robbed of land, gold and other resources.
Many people were massacred or died of abuse or of diseases brought by Europeans.
The slave trade was set up to provide African slaves for European colonies in the Americas.

12. Results of explorations and discoveries
Spain. England and other European countries became very wealthy.
New goods such as potatoes arrived in Europe.
European wars broke out over the control of trade routes and colonies.
Many Europeans emigrated (went) to European colonies in search of wealth.