1. Industrialization and You! Chapter 6, Section 1 Notes
Gettin’ Dirty
Industrialization and You!
Chapter 6, Section 1 Notes

2. Why Industrialize After the Civil War?
There were many natural resources
Government supported businesses
The urban population was growing, creating a demand for products
This demand for products led to a growing demand for labor by businesses

3. Come Listen to a Story ‘Bout a Man Named Jed…
…Oil, that is…Black Gold…Texas Tea
In 1859 Edwin L. Drake struck oil near Titusville, Pennsylvania
What do you think he used to drill for that oil?…note the year is 1859
Answer: A Steam Engine
This was the first time removing oil from the earth’s surface became practical

4. Come Listen to a Story ‘Bout a Man Named Jed…
The oil boom began and spread through 4 connected states and a separate state, that is currently oil-rich…who were they?
Answer: Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, and Texas
There was one part of oil that was considered a waste and often thrown out…what was it?
Answer: Gasoline

5. Light it Up…
While there was oil, there were other metals that were more plentiful
Iron was found often, but there were problems: it was soft, broke easily, and rusted
How do we fix it? Remove the carbon
Iron – Carbon = Steel

6. Poor Kelly…Oft Forgotten
The Bessemer Process was created by Henry Bessemer and William Kelly
They took iron, melted it, and injected air into it to remove the carbon and other impurities
By 1880, 90% of U.S. steel was produced using the Bessemer Process
What was it used for?
Answer: Railroads, Barbed Wire, Reaper, Steel Plow, Steel Windmill
Plows used to be wooden…why would a steel plow be better?
Answer: Steel lasted longer and didn’t need to be replaced as often

7. How Do We Know It’ll Work?
Take a look at the Brooklyn Bridge (1883)
It’s still standing today
It could not be supported by iron
Steel is stronger and could support the structures
The Home Insurance Building in Chicago is significant too because it was the first skyscraper with a steel frame

8. It Was “Electric” Long Before the Two-Step
Electricity
Thomas Edison created the world’s first research laboratory
Perfected the Incandescent light bulb (1880)
As important, Edison invented a system for producing and distributing electrical power
George Westinghouse joined Edison to make electricity safer and cheaper
1890: electric power ran many machines, like fans and printing presses

9. It Was “Electric” Long Before the Two-Step
Why Electricity?
It was inexpensive and convenient
Began to be used in homes
Led to the inventions of many household appliances
How did electricity change business in America?
Hint: Factories used to only be able to place themselves by water sources; not now…why?
Answer: Electricity allows machines to be run; you don’t need water power any more

10. Other Important Inventions
Typewriter: Invented by Christopher Sholes (1867)
Telephone: Invented by Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Watson (1876)

11. Women’s Role New jobs created for women, especially in the office
1870: 5% of office workers were women
1910: 40% office workers were women
Clothes are now mass-produced in factories, where many women worked instead of just sewing clothes at home