1. THE GROWTH
of GEORGIA
( )

2. After the American Revolution, Georgia began to turn its attention to growth and development, and expansion into its vast western frontier.

3. Georgian Life Life on the Georgia Frontier:
Central and western parts of the state made up of undeveloped land
Life in Georgia’s Towns:
Augusta, Savannah, Athens, Sparta, and Louisville.
Summarize how life is different for these two areas:
On the frontier, the primary focus of everyday life was backbreaking labor such as; building cabins, clearing land, tilling soil, digging wells, and putting up barns. Social activities were also focused around labor.
In the towns, there was more cultural refinement including: theaters, concerts, libraries, balls, horseraces, and barbeques.

4. Questions to consider
Why would the people living in the frontier be more at risk of Native American attacks?
The frontier was located deeper in the state surrounded by forests and undeveloped land, while the towns were often near the coast in open developed locations. The towns also had forts and methods of defense.
How would methods of communication differ from the frontier and the towns?
The frontier would rely on the far-flung trading posts to get word of things
The towns could rely on the newspapers such as the Augusta Herald and Savannah’s Gazette of the State of Georgia

5. What was the religion in Georgia BEFORE the American Revolution?
Prior to the Revolution, most Georgians had been members of the official Church of England, the Anglican Church.
Anglicanism taught that the King of England was the head of the Church, and it demanded that its members be loyal to the King during the Revolution.

6. Religion in Georgia
What was the religion in Georgia DURING and After the American Revolution?
Anglican priests identified with the Tories and, so they left or were forced to leave GA by Whigs.
Anglicans who did not support the King left the Church and England and joined the Methodist Church, led by John Wesley and George Whitefield.
The Revolutionary War nearly destroyed what remained of organized religion in Georgia, as many churches were damaged or destroyed.

7. Spread of Religion in Georgia
Two largest denomination are Baptist and Methodist.
What is The Second Great Awakening:
A protestant revival period from 1790 – where Georgians began to identify with a denomination.

8. Georgia grew rapidly in several ways:
The Spread of Baptist and Methodist Churches
Declaration of Independence signer, Lyman Hall, who was Governor of Georgia in 1783, strongly promoted the rebuilding of churches.

9. 1st Roman Catholic Church
Religion
When
Who
Where
Church
Baptist
1787
1788
1796
Free Blacks
Andrew Bryan
Augusta
Savannah
Wilkes Co.
Springfield Baptist
First African Baptist Church
1st Roman Catholic Church
Methodist
1865
John Wesley
Richard Allen
Colonial Georgia
Other Facts:
Came w/ Oglethorpe
First Sunday School
AME
What is a circuit rider?
-Methodist ministers who went from town to town some to preach
-Sometimes only one service per month for each church.
-Instrumental in bringing new converts *Both denominations used camp meetings to increase their numbers.
Importance of Church:
-Churches were an essential part of town life
-Churches were often used for town meetings and social event
-These two denominations became the largest in the state, gaining popularity amongst working class Georgians in small towns and in the frontier.

10. Expansion of the Methodist Religion
When
Who
Where
Church
Jews
1788
Savannah
Synagogue
Mormon
1830
Joseph Smith
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints

11. Camp Meeting Illustration
Camp meetings were all day affairs where farmers and other townspeople could listen to the sermon but also get together and socialize with their friends and family after weeks of laboring on their farms.

12. Education in Georgia
Describe the education of most in the early years.
Most received a few years of elementary school
Farmers knew little about reading and math
Most did not attend school at all

13. Education in Georgia Established on January 27, 1785
Abraham Baldwin wrote the charter and was named the school’s first President (by the governor, Lyman Hall)
Opened in 1801
First public building, Franklin College, opened in 1806 (all-male, all-white)
The University of Georgia was the first public, land- grant university in American history!!!!

14. Educational Differences
Males:
Greek
Latin
Grammar
Math
Females:
Wesleyan College, 1836 in Macon
French
Literature
Science
Piano, arts and foreign language
Many girls were not sent to school, instead they learned sewing, cooking and childcare.
Video Link

15. Georgia’s Five Capitals
As Georgia’s population moved west, so did the state’s capitals. Georgia has had FIVE capital cities:
Savannah
Augusta
Louisville
Milledgeville
Atlanta

16. Georgia’s Five Capitals
Savannah ( )
Augusta ( )
Louisville ( )
Milledgeville ( )
Atlanta (1868-Present) 1 2 3 4 5

17. Georgia’s FIVE Capitals
Savannah: 1st city and capital. Coastal location and the center of trade
Augusta: 2nd capital. By 1785 the population had moved to the backcountry and the capital was moved also
Louisville: 3rd capital
Named after French King Louis
Hoped to be a trading center due to its location on the Ogeechee River
Ended due to the yearly outbreaks of Malaria and difficulty using the Ogeechee as a trade route.
Milledgeville: 4th Capital
Keeping up with the population migration, the capital was moved west to Milledgeville in 1806 to a site along the Oconee River.
City was named for Governor John Milledgeville who had donated 40,000 acres of land to build UGA.
Atlanta: 5th Capital
Formerly called Terminus, meaning end of a RR line. The Atlantic RR ran from Chattanooga to what is present day Atlanta.

18. What do you remember about… the growth of Georgia???
The first public, land-grant institution of higher learning in U.S. history was .
Georgia’s second capital city was .
Georgia’s third capital city, named after the King of France, was .
The author of the charter for the University of Georgia was .
Prior to the Revolution, most Georgians were members of the Church of .
The two largest denominations in Georgia are the and the .
The governor who encouraged the rebuilding of churches was .
University of Georgia
Augusta
Louisville
Abraham Baldwin
England
Baptist
Methodist
Lyman Hall

19. Education in Georgia
Describe the education of most in the early years.
Some received a few years of elementary school
Farmers knew little about reading and math
Most did not attend school at all

20. The Thirst for Land

21. Original Georgia Charter of 1732
King George II granted James Oglethorpe and the Trustees a charter in 1732 to establish the colony of Georgia.
This charter provided that the new colony would consist of
Land between the Savannah River and Altamaha River
Eastern boundary the Atlantic Ocean
Western boundary the Pacific Ocean.

22. After French and Indian War
Georgia's original boundary remained the same from the founding of the colony until
The French and Indian War ended in a major territorial victory for the British. England, France, and Spain signed the Treaty of Paris in
Georgia took on a new shape as a result of that treaty:
Land between the Savannah and the Altamaha rivers
Western boundary became the Mississippi River

23. After the American Revolution
After the American Revolution, Georgia gained access to a large amount of land from the Native Americans who sided with the British.
The 1783 Treaty of Paris, which ended the Revolutionary War and expanded Georgia’s boarders
North to Augusta
South to St. Marys
West to the Mississippi River

24. Headright System (until 1803)
Under this system, Georgia gave thousands of acres of land to soldiers who fought during the Revolutionary War (including Austin Dabney)
Men who did not fight also received free land.
The Details:
Heads of households, white men 21 and up, could receive up to 200 acres of land
Men who had families or slaves would receive an additional 50 acres per family member (slaves included) with a limit of 1,000 acres causing a massive migration to Georgia.
The problem:
too many people claiming, but not enough land to offer.

25. Amount of land or Territory
Headright System
Description
Who received the land
Amount of land or Territory
Problems/Results
Headright System
Was used until 1803
-Soldiers who fought during the Revolutionary War
-Heads of household- white men 21 and up
-up to 200 acres of land
 -50 additional acres per family member/slave
-limit of 1,000
-Mass migration to Georgia.
-Too many people claiming, but not enough land to offer.

26. Yazoo Land Fraud (1795)
The thought of gaining free land lead to corruption.
After being bribed, the General Assembly of Georgia sold 35 to 50 million acres of land (most of what is present day Alabama and Mississippi) to FOUR land companies for $500,000. This was about 1 ½ cents per acre.
The companies then sold the land (making huge profits) to either other speculators or to innocent civilians hoping to move to these frontier territories.

27. Yazoo Land Fraud of 1795

28. Yazoo Land Fraud
When citizens found out, they were furious. One of Georgia’s U.S. Senators, James Jackson, resigned from the Senate and vowed to personally shoot all involved in the fraud
The Yazoo Act was repealed in 1796
Copies of the Yazoo Act were burned on the steps of the capital in Louisville.

29. Results of the Yazoo Many of those involved fled the state
Georgia lost land and money:
Ga paid 4 million in damages to cheated buyers
The Yazoo territory was given to the U.S. and became the states of Alabama and Mississippi
Georgia’s western boundary was moved to the Chattahoochee River (label map on front)

30. Yazoo Land Fraud
Yazoo Land Fraud
-1795
-Four land companies bribed the Georgia Assembly allowing them to buy land
- The land companies purchased 30 million acres at 1 ½ cents per acre to sell to citizens at a higher price.
-Land that is today Alabama and Mississippi
-Citizens who could afford to purchase the land from the land companies
-Ga paid 4 million in damages to cheated buyers
-Legislators involved were voted out of office.
-The -Yazoo territory was given to the U.S. (later became the states of Alabama and Mississippi)
-Angry citizens who purchased the land went to court
-Georgia’s western boundary was moved to the Chattahoochee River

31. Without the Yazoo territory, Georgia could no longer give away as much free land as it had under the Headright System.

32. Land Lottery 1805 - 1833 Eight land lotteries were held
These lotteries gave white males 21 or older the opportunity to gain land for pennies on the dollar
HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD WITH CHILDREN
WAR VETERANS
WIDOWS
Land won in the lottery varied in size from 500 to 50 acres (much smaller than the 1000 acres in the Headright System)
Who was allowed to participate:
All free white men living in Georgia for one year were given one chance.

33. How did it work?
To take part, a person would simply submit their names to the state and buy a ticket.
On the day of the lottery, the participants’ names were placed in one drum while the lots bearing a number would be placed in the second drum.
Depending on circumstance, your name could be placed in the drum more than once (age, marital status, widows and veterans)
This system brought the state into conflict with the Creek and Cherokee Indians

34. Land Lottery -1805 - 1833 -Eight land lotteries were held
-These lotteries gave the average Georgian the opportunity to gain land for pennies on the dollar
-Participants’ names were placed in one drum while the lots bearing a number would be placed in the second drum.
-Land won in the lottery varied in size from 500 to 50 acres
-All free white men living in Georgia for one year were given one chance.
-Depending on circumstance, your name could be placed in the drum more than once (age, marital status, widows and veterans)
-This system brought the state into conflict with the Creek and Cherokee Indians

35. Land Lottery Simulation
You will be allowed to enter your name if you meet one of the following criteria:
If you are a male who plays a sport, enter your name first
Females who have younger siblings
Males who are 14 or older with brown hair.
What does each descriptor represent from the original Land Lottery?
What did the different types of candy represent?
Peppermint
Other Candy

36. Discussion Question
Did you feel this was a fair way to distribute candy (land)? Why or why not?
What descriptors were out of your control?
Do you feel that any of the citizens had a right to land over others? If so, who?

37. Louisiana Purchase
Thomas Jefferson, the nation’s third president, bought Louisiana from France for $15 million.
This doubled the size of the country.

38. Technology
Does it help or hurt?

39. Intended Consequences Unintended Consequence
Consider the Following Text Messaging: fast and efficient method of communication at your finger tips.
Intended Consequences
Unintended Consequence
Eliminates long phone conversations
Allows you to message quickly and instantly
Loss of human interaction
Contributes to the inability to spell and communicate effectively (SMH, LOL, BTW, BRB)
1,000s of vehicular deaths yearly.

40. Cotton Gin
Description
Tobacco was destroying the soil, so the state was looking for ways to make growing cotton profitable.
Eli Whitney invented this tool
Cotton was previously deseeded by hand at the rate of about ONE pound per day

41. How it worked…
Video

42. Intended Consequences Unintended Consequences
Cotton Gin
Intended Consequences
Unintended Consequences
Was able to remove the seeds from 50 pounds of cotton each day
The south grew a majority of the world’s cotton by the end of the 19th century
Led to Westward Expansion
Negatives:
The south became dependent on one crop
Increased slavery

43. Railroads Created as a better way to transport cotton
1832 Georgia’s first railroad was chartered
Georgia was ranked in the top ten for railroad track mileage.
Developed partially from the concept of the steamboat
Built to be pulled by steam engines or horse.
Video

44. Railroads Easier Transportation
Intentional
Unintentional
Easier Transportation
Solved issues of difficult transportation on rough roads
Took business from freight traffic along rivers
The development of cities not along rivers
Made Atlanta the first major American city to be built on a location without a navigable river

45. Mechanical Reaper Invented by Cyrus McCormick
Wooden paddles fasten to the harness of a horse. As the horse was guided through the fields, the paddles turned and cut grain.
Grain was previously cut by hand with a scythe
Video

46. Mechanical Reaper Allowed farmers to cut six times the amount of grain
Intentional
Unintentional
Allowed farmers to cut six times the amount of grain
An industry emerged devoted to making agricultural production more efficient.
Became an international sensation
Impacted the Civil War by releasing 5 men for service per reaper.
Increased competition lead to more development of agricultural machinery.