1. RECAP
Talkie Time: Experiments and Researches

2. PRESENTATION
Based on your approved and edited title, statement of the problem, sub-problems and hypothesis, the group through a representative/s will present the following:
1. Definition of Terms (10 pts)
2. Background of the study (40 pts)

3. RUBRICS
Indicators
Excellent 5
Very Good 4
Good 3
Fair 2
Poor 1
Weight
1. Definition of Terms X2
2. Background of the study (Coherent, well phrased and has sources of information) X8
Total 50

4. 2. selects, cites and synthesizes properly related literature (CG)
Lesson 8, Objectives : The learner
reviews the APA format in parenthetical citation and citing references (Addendum)
2. selects, cites and synthesizes properly related literature (CG)

5. Group Activity: Discuss in your group the answer to these questions
Group Activity: Discuss in your group the answer to these questions? What is the importance of a Review of Literature? What will happen if you don’t cite sources that you borrow? What are formats in making a review? How do you cite sources?

6. Documenting Sources in Science Researches: Using APA Format
Rationale: Welcome to “Documenting Sources: Using APA Format.” This presentation is designed to introduce your students to the purposes of documentation, as well as methods for effectively using parenthetical citations and a reference page. The twenty-three slides presented here are designed to aid the facilitator in an interactive presentation of strategies for using APA style. This presentation is ideal for the beginning of a research unit in a science course or any assignment that requires APA documentation.
This presentation may be supplemented with OWL handouts, including “Using APA Format.” ( “Paraphrase: Write It in Your Own Words” ( “Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing” ( and “Avoiding Plagiarism” (
Directions: Each slide is activated by a single mouse click, unless otherwise noted in bold at the bottom of each notes page.
Writer and Designer: Jennifer Liethen Kunka
Contributors: Muriel Harris, Karen Bishop, Bryan Kopp, Matthew Mooney, David Neyhart, and Andrew Kunka
Developed with resources courtesy of the Purdue University Writing Lab
Grant funding courtesy of the Multimedia Instructional Development Center at Purdue University
© Copyright Purdue University, 2000
Updated September 2001 by Geoff Stacks
A workshop brought to you by the Purdue University Writing Lab
Purdue University Writing Lab

7. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
The review of related literature or theoretical background consists of a collection of pertinent reading, published or unpublished, in local or foreign settings.

8. Two parts:
1. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND – non-research reference materials written by authorities on the subject that embody experiences, viewpoints and interpretations of the subject of the research study. These are published materials like books, journals, magazines, pamphlets.

9. 2. Related Studies – are from unpublished materials like theses, research reports, seminar papers, and dissertations and have bearing on the research study being undertaken.

10. What is the purpose of the Review of Literature?

11. PURPOSES:
It helps the researcher look for possible theories, concepts or principles to support his investigation.
It can reveal investigations similar to your own, and it can show you how the collateral researchers handled these situations.
It is essential in formulating a sound research problem or research title, hypotheses or assumptions.

12. It can reveal to you sources of data that you may not have known existed.
It enlightens the researcher as to the direction of the study.
It proves that the study is researchable and posses novelty.
It helps to identify the statistical instruments to be used in the study.
8. It serves as a guide to writing the findings, conclusions and recommendations.

13. Why Use Citation?
Allows readers to cross-reference your sources easily
Provides consistent format within a discipline
Gives you credibility as a writer
Protects you from plagiarism

14. Avoiding Plagiarism Academic honesty and integrity!
Proper citation of your sources can help you avoid plagiarism, which is a serious offense. It may result in anything from failure of the assignment to expulsion from school.

15. You are academically dishonest if:
Someone writes your paper for you
You purchase a paper
You copy a paper from online
You fail to cite your sources
Your present someone else’s ideas as your own

16. Where Do I Find APA Format?
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th ed.
Composition textbooks
OWL website: owl.english.purdue.edu
Writing Lab Grammar Hotline:
Key Concepts: There are many rules for following APA format, and the facilitator should stress that it is nearly impossible to memorize them all. Students’ best course of action is to utilize the official APA handbook or the APA section in an updated composition textbook as guides for properly using the documentation format. Since the American Psychological Association, a professional group of behavioral and social science professors and instructors, periodically updates the guide, students should be certain that they are using the most current information possible.
There are other resources for finding current information on APA documentation style. The APA web site offers some limited information about recent format changes, especially regarding the documentation of World Wide Web and electronic sources. The Purdue University Writing Lab has a printable handout on APA style at its web site: owl.english.purdue.edu. The web site also provides other links for APA style information on the web. For quick questions on APA format, students can also call the Writing Lab Grammar Hotline at
Click to reveal each item.
Purdue University Writing Lab

17. Citation Locations As in-text citations within the text of the paper
Sources used to write a paper are acknowledged in two different places within the paper:
As in-text citations within the text of the paper
In the Works Cited page at the end of the paper .

18. A Sample Reference Page
Example: This slide offers students a sample of what a reference page looks like. For this particular paper, titled “Shell Shock and the Great War,”* four sources were used. The first and fourth sources are books with one author. The second source is an article with two authors that appeared in an anthology. The third source is an article that appeared in a continuously paginated journal.
The facilitator may choose to explain the form of this page. The abbreviated title of the paper, “Shell Shock,” appears in the upper right with the page number. “References” should be centered two lines below the abbreviated title. All sources are double spaced and alphabetized according to author. In the past, APA has required that the first line of each entry be indented (like a normal paragraph). But the 5th edition requries a hanging indent in which only the first line of an entry is all the way to the left while subsequent lines are indented.
Notice that titles of books and journals are italicized while titles of articles are neither italicized nor put in quotes. And only the first word of a title and the first word of a subtitle are capitalized.
The facilitator may also choose to reference students to the final pages on the Writing Lab APA handout, which also offers a sample reference.
* From “Shell Shock and the Great War” by Andrew J. Kunka, Purdue University (unpublished manuscript).
Purdue University Writing Lab

19. When Should You Use Parenthetical Citations?
When quoting any words that are not your own
Quoting means to repeat another source word for word, using quotation marks
Key Concepts: The next two slides explain the occasions in which APA citations will be necessary, as well as explains the differences between quoting, summarizing, and paraphrasing. Students will be most familiar with the need to site for quotations, but the facilitator should stress that if the idea comes from someone else, the source material should be cited.
Purdue University Writing Lab

20. When Should You Use Parenthetical Citations?
When summarizing facts and ideas from a source
Summarizing means to take ideas from a large passage of another source and condense them, using your own words
When paraphrasing a source
Paraphrasing means to use the ideas from another source but change the phrasing into your own words
Key Concepts: This slide explains explains the differences between summarizing and paraphrasing. The facilitator may stress that if the idea comes from someone else, the source material should be cited.
Click to reveal each item.
Purdue University Writing Lab

21. Keys to Parenthetical Citations
Readability
Keep references brief
Give only information needed to identify the source on your reference page
Do not repeat unnecessary information
Key Concepts: This slide emphasizes the need to keep parenthetical citations within a paper brief. The information provided in the body of the paper should be just enough so that a reader could easily cross-reference the citation with its matching entry on the reference page. The following slides give examples of how to use parenthetical references.
Purdue University Writing Lab

22. Summarizing
When you summarize, you put the main idea(s) into your own words, including only the main point(s).
Summarized ideas must be attributed to the original source.
Summaries are significantly shorter than the original.
Summaries take a broad overview of source material.

23. Paraphrasing
Paraphrasing involves putting a passage from source material into your own words.
Attribute paraphrases to their original sources.
Paraphrases are usually shorter than, but may be the same length as, the original passage.
Paraphrases take a more focused segment of the source and condense it slightly.
Paraphrase is using synonyms and related terms to explain

24. Quoting Quotations must be identical to the original.
Quotations use a narrow segment of the source.
They must match the source document word for word and must be attributed to the original author.
Use quotes when the actual words are so integral to the discussion that they cannot be replaced.
Use quotes when the author’s words are so precisely and accurately stated that they cannot be paraphrased.
Use open and close quotations

25. Quoting - Comparing In-Text Citations
In-text citations are used when you need to give credit to an author for using a quote (exact wording), paraphrasing (rewording), or discussing his/her ideas. Example: (Mathis and Jones, 2009, pg. 74)
All in-text citations for APA must reference the author’s name.
Reference to the page number or publication year depends on the situation and citation style.
When using APA, always give the year of publication.
When quoting, always give the page number in APA.
When paraphrasing or simply referencing, no page number is needed for either style.

26. Example: “The study provided significant findings in the use of Philippine herbal plants to cure malaria.”
Source: dela Cruz, Artemio. Herbal Remedies of Philippine Flora. Quezon City:
C & E Publishing Print (p 34)
Paraphrase
As stated by dela Cruz (2017), the research showed that malaria can be cured significantly through the use of herbal plants in the Philippines.
Quote (In text)
As dela Cruz (2017) explained that “The study provided significant findings in the use of Philippine herbal plants to cure malaria” (p ).
Quote (no incorporation in text)
APA: “The study provided significant findings in the use of Philippine herbal plants to cure malaria” (dela Cruz, 2017, p ).

27. Parenthetical Citations Multiple Authors
2 authors – cite both names separated by &
Example: (Rubin & Roessler, 2002, p. 127)
3-5 authors – cite major author’s first time; after first time, use et al. Example: (Chan et al., p. 20)
6 or more authors – cite first author’s name and et al. Example: (Rosenthal et al., 1992, p. 23)

28. Comparing References
At the end of each research paper, a section must be devoted to listing the information for each resource that you used in the paper. This includes all resources that you quoted, paraphrased, or mentioned.
If you have done your citing correctly, you should have mentioned each reference work at least once in your paper and each cited resource should have a reference citation.

29. Example 2: “The vast supply of running water in streams and rivers can be converted into a potential energy and can be can be harnessed to produce electrical supply to light up millions of houses in the community of Batangas.”
Source: Senining, Pedro. Hydroelectric Powered Panel Experiment. Thesis (Published article for Electrical Engineering Journal), 2016, p (web)
Paraphrase
As stated by Senining (2016), the electrical supply used to light up millions of houses in the community of Batangas can be harnessed through the utilization and conversion of the waters in streams and rivers into potential energy. .
Quote (In text)
As Senining (2016) reported that “The vast supply of running water in streams and rivers can be converted into a potential energy and can be can be harnessed to produce electrical supply to light up millions of houses in the community of Batangas” (p ).
Quote (no incorporation in text)
APA: “The vast supply of running water in streams and rivers can be converted into a potential energy and can be can be harnessed to produce electrical supply to light up millions of houses in the community of Batangas” (Senining, 2016, p ).

30. Application Paraphrase Quote (incorporation in text)
Source: Tumulak, Epifania (2016). Flood Control: Drainage System Prototype. Unpublished Thesis. University of the Philipines, Diliman. P
“The drainage system prototype is built with automated sensor that physically sense water from flooding at around 1000cc/m2 and send signals to adaptive monitor to switch the automated device that allows the stem container to catch the water and drain them to pipes leading to dam.“
Paraphrase
Quote (incorporation in text)
Quote (non incorporation in text)

31. Groupings/Assignments: Making a REVIEW (search for a related materials) Minimum Required Citations & References 1. Discussion of variables and subjects 2. Related studies (International 5) 3. Local studies (5) 4. Minimum pages is 10 and maximum of Assign each member to bring related materials from any sources. All materials will be consolidated next meeting.