1. The Agriculture Revolution
How the Industrial Revolution affected Agriculture
History of Agriscience Recap:

2. The Before Had not changed much since Middle Ages
Tool examples: hoe, sickle, wooden plow
Open-field system
No surplus
Field Rotation – “three-field” system
Oats, barley, or legumes planted in the spring
wheat, barley, or rye, and in the spring another third of the land was planted to oats, barley, and legumes to be harvested in late summer
Wheat, barley, or rye planted in the fall

3. The Industrial Revolution
Brought machinery to farm
Machinery = less workers
Workers moved to city for jobs
rural  urban migration
Growing city population meant a need for more farming
Food to eat
Raw materials

4. The Innovators Jethro Tull (England): Lord Townsend (England):
Seed drill – Planted seeds in straight rows as opposed to scattering them over a field
Horse – drawn cultivation – Loosened the soil and eliminated weeds
Lord Townsend (England):
Crop rotation – Ended the 1/ system by showing importance of different crops

5. The Innovators cont. Robert Bakewell (England):
Stock breeding – First to scientifically breed farm animals for certain traits
Arthur Young (England):
Agriculture writer – Popularized new methods and machinery
Justus von Liebig (German):
Fertilizers – Invented to enrich exhausted soil, which increased available farmland

6. The Inventors Eli Whitney (American): Cyrus McCormick (American):
Cotton gin – Invented in 1793 to separate the seeds from the cotton increasing cotton production
Cyrus McCormick (American):
Mechanical reaper – Invented in and is used in wheat production

7. Other Inventions
Other inventions include horse drawn hay rake, threshing machine, steel plow, steam engines, gasoline diesel engines, and electric motors

8. One and The Same?
The Industrial Revolution and the Agriculture Revolution complimented one another because as one created developments and needs it created new needs and developments in the other!

9. Agriculture Science – the birth of “Agriscience”
Became a science during the Revolution
Farmer and governments invested in agriculture research
Established agriculture schools, societies, and experimental stations
Other progress in agriculture: pesticides, new foods, preservation, irrigation
Much more food is grown by far fewer farmers today than 200 years ago

10. Check for understanding
Please turn these answers in at the end of class.
1. Name and describe one invention or innovation and who created it.
2. What happened to farm workers because of the Revolution?
3. Was all inventions or “revolutions” good for today’s agriculture? Explain your answer.
4. Please write me one question you have based on this lesson.