1. Ch.3-1
Cell Processes
Chemistry of life

2. POINT > Describe elements
POINT > Define compound
POINT > Identify water as an important molecule
POINT > Describe the function of macromolecules

3. Chapter 3.1 – BIG Idea
What are the basic chemicals that make up living things? What do they do?

4. POINT > Describe elements
An element is a pure substance consisting entirely of one type of atom: hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus are important elements in living things Elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances

5. POINT > Describe elements

6. POINT > Define compound
A compound is a substance made of two or more elements chemically bound together Ex. water is H2O (2 atoms hydrogen and 1 atom oxygen) or glucose C6H12O6 Many compounds dissolve in water. This makes chemical reactions possible

7. POINT > Describe carbon as the central atom in living things
Organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon
Carbon is very important in most biological compounds

8. WB CHECK:
What is an element?
What is a compound?
What is an organic compound?
Is glucose (C6H12O6) an element or a compound?

9. POINT > Describe the structure and functions of the four groups of macromolecules
Living things are composed of water and 4 groups of macromolecules
Macromolecules are large molecules
Carbon is important to the structure of these molecules

10. POINT > Describe the structure and functions of the four groups of macromolecules
1. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Ex. glucose
Carbohydrate functions:
1. Main source of energy for cells
2. Some structural purposes (in cells with cell walls)
3. “ID Tags” on cell membranes for interacting cells

11. POINT > Describe the structure and functions of the four groups of macromolecules
Carbohydrates are classified as “simple” (sugars) or “complex”
Simple carbohydrates include sugars like:
glucose (the sugar cells use)
lactose (the sugar in milk)
fructose (the sugar in fruits)
sucrose (table sugar)

12. POINT > Describe the structure and functions of the four groups of macromolecules
Complex carbohydrates are composed of long, branching chains Important complex carbohydrates include starch, glycogen and cellulose. These are storage molecules

13. WB CHECK:
What is one function of carbohydrates?
What elements are found in carbohydrates?
Give an example of a simple carbohydrate.
Give an example of a complex carbohydrate.

14. 2. Lipids are composed primarily of carbon and hydrogen
POINT > Describe the structure and functions of the four groups of macromolecules
2. Lipids are composed primarily of carbon and hydrogen
Lipid functions:
Store energy (fat)
Primary component of cell membranes!
Chemical messengers (some steroids)

15. Lipids are the primary component of cell membranes
POINT > Describe the structure and functions of the four groups of macromolecules
Lipids are the primary component of cell membranes

16. Lipid examples Steroids / Hormones Phospholipids Fats Oils & Butter
POINT > Describe the structure and functions of the four groups of macromolecules
Cholesterol, etc
Lipid examples
Steroids / Hormones
Phospholipids
Fats
Oils & Butter

17. WB CHECK:
What are 2 functions of lipids?
What are the 2 main elements in lipids?
Give 2 examples of lipids.

18. 3. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)
Nitrogenous Base
POINT > Describe the structure and functions of the four groups of macromolecules
Phosphate Group
5-Carbon Sugar
3. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)
Nucleic acids are made of long strands of monomers called nucleotides
Nucleic acid functions:
Store & transmit genetic information for protein production

19. WB CHECK:
What is the primary function of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA are made of long strands of monomers called ___________________ .

20. POINT > Describe the structure and functions of the four groups of macromolecules
4. Proteins Proteins are made of monomers called amino acids

21. POINT > Describe the structure and functions of the four groups of macromolecules
Protein functions: They do almost everything in the cell! Examples: Control rates of reactions (enzymes) Regulate cell processes Form cell structures Transport substances Help fight disease

22. WB CHECK:
What are two functions of proteins?
What are the monomers of proteins called?

23. Homework
Read Ch 3.1 pages Complete Study Guide S.A. page 78 #1-3 GRAS pages 39-41