1. Religion in the Modern World

2. Religion in the Modern World
How might we compare/contrast the offices of the papacy and Dalai Lama?
How has the papacy become increasingly de-Italianized, and more global?
How does the Dalai Lama’s present situation fit in with other events we have studied related to modern Asia?

3. Religion General Religious Trends PLURALISM
Fastest growing religions: Islam, Christianity
Rise in atheism, AGNOSTICISM, apathy
“Spiritual, not religious”

4. Roman Catholicism The Papacy St. Peter Spiritual-temporal office
Opposed to heresy, modern trends
Lost temporal authority (1870)

5. Roman Catholicism The Lateran Treaty (Feb. 11, 1929)
Pope ruler of Vatican City
Restitution for expropriations
Catholicism official religion of Italy

6. Roman Catholicism Pope John XXIII (r. 1958-1963) Of poor family
Stressed social justice, condemned anti-Semitism
Reform-minded
Aggiornamento
Aperturismo

7. Roman Catholicism Second Vatican Council (1962-65) Liturgical changes
New focus on laity
Ecumenism, dialogue
Declaration on Jews

8. Roman Catholicism
Tomb of John XXIII, St. Peter’s Basilica

9. Roman Catholicism Pope John Paul II (r. 1978-2005) Non-Italian
Traveler!
Universal vision for Church
Contributed to collapse of communism
Traditional

10. Roman Catholicism

11. Roman Catholicism
World Youth Day, Rome (2000)

12. Roman Catholicism
John Paul II’s funeral Mass, St. Peter’s Square (April 8, 2005)

13. Roman Catholicism Pope Francis (2013-) Jesuit, Latin American Emphases
Humility
Social justice
Progressive?
Environmentalism

14. Roman Catholicism

15. Roman Catholicism

16. Roman Catholicism

17. Roman Catholicism
Questions?

18. Buddhism Buddhism Began as revolt within Hinduism
Siddhartha Gautama ( BC)
Prince troubled by human misery
Asceticism, meditation  the Buddha

19. Buddhism Principles of Buddhism Anyone can attain spiritual bliss
Four Noble Truths
Everything is dukha
Origins of pain: desire
Extinction of desire  nirvana
Follow way of Buddha  end of pain
Goal: conquer self, desire

20. Buddhism Branches of Buddhism Theravada Mahayana “Pure” Buddhism
Monastic life!
Mahayana
Doctrines of Buddha: “initial step”
Buddha, bodhisattvas assist people
Monastic life not necessary
Pu-tai

21. Buddhism The Dalai Lama Head monk of Tibetan Buddhism
Spiritual-political leader of Tibet
Reincarnation of past lama
14 Dalai Lamas

22. Buddhism
Potala Palace, Lhasa, Tibet

23. Buddhism Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatso (1935-) Began to rule 1950
China occupied Tibet October 1950
Tibetan resistance  Chinese fury
Dalai Lama fled 1959

24. Buddhism The Dalai Lama Headquarters: Dharamsala, India
Seeks peaceful means to Tibetan independence
Pro-democracy
Acclaimed speaker, prolific author

25. Buddhism

26. Buddhism
Questions?

27. Religion in the Modern World
How might we compare/contrast the offices of the papacy and Dalai Lama?
How has the papacy become increasingly de-Italianized, and more global?
How does the Dalai Lama’s present situation fit in with other events we have studied related to modern Asia?