1. Asia
Part I - Tibet and China

2. China - History Inventions: Colonialism
China is one of the world's oldest continuous civilizations. It has the world's longest continuously used written language system, and is said to be the source of some of the world's great inventions, including the Four Great Inventions of ancient China: paper, the compass, gunpowder, and printing.
1500’S – 1600’S European colonialism begins
By the 1800’s China is forced to grant concessions to the European powers (allowing more trade and letting them get around local laws)

3. China - History Con’t Backlash of Colonialism:
Republic: (state in which people hold power)
This led to more cultural exchange and a backlash against European powers and by extension the Chinese empire. Revolts forced the last emperor and empress to abdicate (give up) their throwns ending years of rule in 1912.
A republic – ( a state in which power is in the hands of the people) was formed. However, who was going to rule –

4. China - History Cont’d Split in the nation’s political party:
Sino-Japanese War ( )
A split formed within the group. They became Nationalists and Communists – those who follow Karl Marx’s ideas on community property and state run economy.
This conflict went on for years -eventually drew the attention of the Japanese who took this moment to take advantage of China’s weakness and tried to take them over.

5. China - History Cont’d Communist China (1945 - present)
General Mao Zedong
Great Leap Forward ( )
Cultural Revolution( )
After WWII – The communists gain control under a leader named Mao –
He was responsible for 2 major programs that devasted China’s culture and people.
Great leap Forward – economic reforms that created state run industries –
Production fell, people starved and prices rose. The programs were abandoned in 1960.
The Cultural Revolution – 1966 – 1976
It is widely recognized, , as a method to regain control of the party after the disastrous Great Leap Forward led to a significant loss of Mao's power
Mao created a radical police force called the Red Guard whose job it was to “eliminate the liberal upper class” teachers, doctors, artists, writers – anyone who passed on knowledge of the “old society” or disgreed with Mao was subject to arrest, torture and death.
Fear and arrests led to economic failure, made worse by an entire generation losing its education.

10. Tibet
With an average elevation of 16,000 ft, it is often called the "Roof of the World".
The Tibetan economy is dominated by subsistence farming.
In recent years, tourism has become increasingly important.

11. Dalai Lama A. Dalai Lama Dalai = ‘ocean’ Lama = ‘wisdom’
1. Current Leader of the Government of Tibet in Exile.
2. Also the leader of Tibetan Buddhists

12. Dalai Lama and Buddhism
Believed to be the 14th incarnation of the Avalokiteśvara
1. Avalokiteśvara = the bodhisattva that embodies the compassion of all the Buddhas
2. Bodhisattva – one dedicated to assisting all sentient beings to achieve Buddhahood or enlightenment.
D. Buddhas - any being who has become fully awakened (enlightened), has permanently overcome greed, hate, and ignorance, and has achieved complete liberation from suffering.
E. The word Buddha is simply a title that means 'The Awakened One'.
today most often refers to Siddhartha Gautama, the historical founder of Buddhism.

13. Political History of Tibet
Came under the rule of the 5th Dalai Lama around – he united Tibet and built the palace at Lhasa
Was a sovereign nation until the Chinese invaded in 1949

14. China and Tibet
1949 – Communists take over in China creating the People’s Republic of China or PRC
Believe that religion is poison
Believe Tibet is part of ‘traditional China’
Believe that Tibetans should be freed from Theocratic rule
= Invade Tibet

15. Modern China Communist State Tianamen Square (1989)
China remains a communist state with total control over the politics and tries to maintain control through control of the press,
jailing of political opponents and journalists, regulation of the press, regulation of religion, and suppression of independence/secessionist movements.
In 1989, the students protesting the actions of the government were met with military force and as many as people were killed at Tiananmen Square.