1. 9 Sci - Chemistry
Chemical Bonding

2. Chemical Bonding
Where is water?

3. Chemical Bonding
A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms. Atoms are held together by the interaction of their outer shells (valence electrons) Atoms can join together to form larger substances .

4. Compounds

5. Compounds

6. Compounds

7. Types of Bonding Chemical bonds can be either ‘strong’ or ‘weak’
Strong Bonds
Metallic Bonding – Metal with metal
Ionic Bonding – Metal with non-metal
Covalent Bonding – Non-metal with non-metal
Weak Bonds
Dipole-dipole
Hydrogen bonding
Dispersion forces

8. Ionic Bonding
An ionic bond results from the complete transfer of one or more electrons from a metal to a nonmetal. Atoms of different elements can join together to form new substances. A substance which is made up of two or more different types of atoms is known as a compound. One way this can occur is for atoms to form ions.

9. Ionic Bonding
What is it?
NON-METAL
METAL

10. Ionic Bonding Metals usually want to give electrons (electron doners)
Becomes positively charged ion (cation)
Non-Metals usually want to take electrons (electron receivers)
Becomes negatively charged ion (anion)
Changes name suffix to –ide (e.g.ChlorineChloride)
The metal will donate the electron to the non-metal
The cation and anion are opposite in charge and become attracted to each other (electrostatic forces)

11. Ionic Bonding
Example: Sodium Chloride - NaCl

12. Ionic Bonding + = X2 Example 2: Calcium Chloride Calcium Atom
Atomic Number = 20
Valence Electron = 2
Calcium gives 2 electrons to become stable
Chlorine Atom
Atomic Number = 17
Valence Electron = 1
Chlorine receives 1 electron to become stable
Calcium Cation = Ca2+
Chloride Anion = Cl-
Calcium joins with 2 Chloride ions to become:
Calcium Chloride = CaCl2

13. Ionic Bonding
Table showing Valency of Ions