1. POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED Northern Regional Load Despatch Centre (NRLDC)
WELCOMES
TANZANIAN DELEGATION
26th August 2003

2. Indian Power Grid – its Evolution
Phenomenal expansion since Independence
Generation : 1349 MW ,800 MW
(in 1947) (in 2003)
Grid :
Local grid – at the time of Independence.
State Grids – emerged in 1960s.
Regional Grids – in 1970s.
Five Regional Grids – Northern, Western, Southern,
Eastern & North-eastern
National Grid – All Five Regions Interconnected (2002)

4. Back NR NER ER WR SR DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL GRID EXISTING 500 MW 1000
GAZUWAKA
CHANDRAPUR
VINDHYACHAL
SASARAM
500 MW
1000
Back

5. Growth of installed capacity for electricity in India

6. Power development - 16th EPS projections: Energy requirement in BU
Peak requirement in MW
Energy requirement in BU

8. Fuel wise break-up of installed capacity in power sector
Total installed capacity is 105,800 MW

9. Sector wise consumption of electricity in India

10. Hydro Thermal mix in India in 2002

11. Growth of Cumulative capacity of Inter-regional links

12. Grid Operation by POWERGRID
Earlier performed by personnel from Central Electricity Authority on the platform of REB
Transferred to POWERGRID in stages
-SRLDC
-ERLDC 1995
-WRLDC 1996
-NRLDC 1996
Overall improvement in grid operation since
takeover by POWERGRID

13. Overall Improvements by POWERGRID
Better hydro-thermal mix through objective & rational Scheduling.
Better merit order operation enhancing the overall efficiency.
Effective use of transmission lines and enhanced utilisation of their capabilities, retaining stability margins.
Better commercial practices.
Improvement in grid parameters (e.g. voltage, frequency profiles).
Better utilization of Inter-regional links.
Infused the grid discipline.
Lower backing down of Power plants.

16. Overall Improvements by POWERGRID
Optimum capacity utilisation
Better co-ordination among constituents.
Transparency in grid operation.
Documentation of Grid Code, Regional operating Procedures, Black Start Procedures etc.
Introduction of modern State-of-the-art technology in grid operation.
Better communication facilities
Introduction of modern SCADA & EMS scheme (ULDC)

17. NORTHERN REGION

18. Northern Regional Power System
Salient Features
Northern Regional Power System
Largest in geographical area amongst the five regions of India covering 30.7% of the area and approx 29.9% of the country’s population .
Largest number of participating constituents (9 states, 5 Central generating companies, one Central Transmission Utility and Bhakra Beas Management Board).

19. Northern Regional Power System
Salient Features
Northern Regional Power System
Effective generation capacity
28794 MW
Regional Peak Met
23015 MW
Average Energy Consumption
425 MU / day
Central %, BBMB—9.9%, State—50.3%

20. Northern Regional Power System
Salient Features
Northern Regional Power System
Transmission system
+ 500 kV HVDC
1630 Ckt. Kms.
15033 Ckt. Kms.
400 kV
220 kV
28353 Ckt. Kms.
TOTAL
45016 Ckt. Kms.

21. Northern Regional Power System
Salient Features
Northern Regional Power System
Largest Generating Stations
Thermal (coal fired) SSTPS(NTPC) MW
Hydro Bhakra Complex (BBMB) MW
Nuclear RAPS Complex (NPC) MW
Thermal (gas fired) Dadri Gas (NTPC) MW

24. 2002 STATISTICS (PRE ABT)

25. COMMERCIAL MECHANISM

26. Payment to Inter State Generating Stations (ISGS) from beneficiaries under Availability Based Tariff (ABT)
Capacity charges
Energy charges
Unscheduled Interchange (UI)

27. CAPACITY CHARGE
Capacity charge will be related to ‘availability’ of the generating station and the percentage capacity allocated to the state. ‘Availability’ for this purpose means the readiness of the generating station to deliver ex-bus output expressed as a percentage of its rated ex-bus output capability.

28. ENERGY CHARGE
Energy charges shall be worked out on the basis of a paise per kwh rate on ex-bus energy scheduled to be sent out from the generating station as per the following formula
Energy charges = Rate of energy charges (paise/kwh) x Scheduled Generation (ex-bus MWh)

29. UNSCHEDULED INTERCHANGE (U I) :
Variation in actual generation / drawal with respect to scheduled generation / drawal shall be accounted for through Unscheduled Interchange (UI).
UI for generating station shall be equal to its total actual generation minus its scheduled generation.
UI for beneficiary shall be equal to its total actual drawal minus its total scheduled drawal.

30. UNSCHEDULED INTERCHANGE (UI) RATES
Average frequency of 15 minute time block
UI Rate (Paise / KWh)
50.5 Hz & Above
0.0
Below Hz & up to Hz
5.6
Below Hz &
up to Hz
414.60
Below Hz
420.00
Between Hz
& Hz
(50.5 – F/0.02) x 5.6

31. UNSCHEDULED INTERCHANGES (UI) I.E. DEVIATIONS FROM SCHEDULES
Makes all the players in the grid self-responsive and enhances merit order.
Good UI helps in improving frequency and enables one constituent to help the other (for meeting more consumer demand i.e reducing load shedding)
UI provides the mechanism for on-line displacement of costlier generation by cheaper generation : ultimate optimisation.

32. REACTIVE ENERGY CHARGES
Under ABT, a reactive energy charge in paise/kwh is applicable.
The charges would 4.0 paise/kVARh upto 31st March 2001 and 5% per annum.
This would be applicable for reactive power exchanges outside the % voltage band.

33. POWER SYSTEM OPERATION
MODERNISATION OF
POWER SYSTEM OPERATION
ULDC SCHEME

34. UNIFIED LOAD DESPATCH & COMMUNICATION (ULDC) SCHEMES
POWERGRID is implementing ULDC schemes
in all the five regions
with state of the art
SCADA
Energy Management System
and
Dedicated Communication System

35. ULD & C PROJECT: OBJECTIVES
To have
Greater and deeper visibility of the power system under control
Better communication and co-ordination between control centers
Effective management of grid parameters viz. frequency, voltage etc. and better grid security through various SCADA/EMS features resulting in better
Operations scheduling
Operations monitoring and control
Power system analysis
A real time environment for dispatcher training

36. HIERARCHICAL SETUP
NLDC
5 Nos.
ERLDC
WRLDC
NRLDC
SRLDC
NERLDC
32 Nos.
SLDC
41 Nos.
SUB LDC
1160 Nos.
RTU

37. UNIFIED LOAD DESPATCH & COMMUNICATION SCHEME (NORTHERN REGION)
HPSEB
1 SLDC
2 Sub-LDC
16 RTUs
J&K SEB
1 SLDC
1 Sub-LDC
16 RTUs
Jammu & Kashmir
Bemina
BBMB
1 SLDC
4 Sub-LDC
21 RTUs F
PSEB
1 SLDC
2 Sub-LDC
40 RTUs
Gladni H
Hamirpur
Jallandhar (B)
Himachal
Pradesh
Ganguwal (B)
Jallandhar (P)
Jutogh F F F
Kunihar F H F
Chandigarh,BBMB
Punjab
Laltonkalan H H
Rishikesh
Uttaranchal
1 SLDC
27 RTUs F H
ana F
Rishikesh
Patiala
Panipat (BBMB)
Narwana F H F
HVPNL
1 SLDC
2 Sub-LDC
42 RTUs
Hary
Panipat(HSEB) F
Dadri (B) J F F
DVB
Moradabad F H F F F
Delhi
Dadri (H)
Ratangarh F
Uttar
Pradesh
DVB
1 SLDC
4 Sub-LDC
31 RTUs
Rajasthan H
Panki H
Lucknow F
Heerapura F
Sultanpur F
RVPNL
1 SLDC
3 Sub-LDC
79 RTUs F
Kota F
Bhilwara F
Varanasi
Madhya
Pradesh
Gujarat
UPPCL
1 SLDC
4 Sub-LDC
55 RTUs
RLDC
NEW DELHI
36 RTUs
CPCC
KANPUR
6 RTUs H
SLDC
Sub - LDC F

38. Control System Hierarchy For Northern Region
RSCC Delhi
RTUs - 36
SLDC UPSEB
SLDC HVPNL
SLDCPSEB
SLDC RVPNL
SLDCJ&K
SLDCBBMB
SLDC HPSEB
SLDCDVB
CPCCKanpur
Sub-LDC (RTUs)
Sub-LDC (RTUs)
Sub-LDC (RTUs)
Sub-LDC (RTUs)
Sub-LDC (RTUs)
Sub-LDC (RTUs)
Sub-LDC (RTUs)
Sub-LDC (RTUs)
RTUs - 6
Moradabad (17)
Panipat (12)
Patiala (12)
Heerapura ( 12)
Gladini (8)
Dadri (5)
Hamirpur (8)
Bawana (5)
Bhilwara (29)
Panki (13)
Narwana (15)
Jalandhar II (20)
Bemina (8)
Ganguwal (6)
Kunihar (8)
Bamanauli (12)
Kota (11)
Rishikesh (27)
Dadri (14)
Lalton Kalan (8)
Jalandhar I (4)
Gazipur (8)
Ratangarh (12)
Sultanpur (8)
Panipat (5)
Gopalpur (5)
(RTU-L) Panipat
Varanasi (16)
(RTU-L) Chandigarh
(RTU-L) Minto Road
(RTU-L) Lucknow

40. Unique Features of Northern Region ULDC Scheme
Three Level Hierarchical Control centres
More than ten electrical utilities involved
Highly Complex system First Time attempted in the world as a Single Project
Dedicated communication Infrastructure
Live Line Fibre Optic Cable Stringing
More than 30 control centres and 400 RTUs
Advance Despatcher training Simulator

41. SUPERVISORY CONTROL & DATA ACQUISITION (SCADA) FUNCTIONS
RTU DATA ACQUISITION
SUPERVISORY CONTROL
DATA EXCHANGE
DATA PROCESSING (Alarms, SOE,Generalized calculations)
DISTURBANCE DATA COLLECTION
HISTORICAL INFORMATION STORAGE & RETRIEVAL (ISR)

42. EMS FEATURES OPERATION SCHEDULING Load forecasting Inflow forecasting
Unit commitment
Hydro scheduling
Hydro Thermal Coordination
Interchange scheduling
Current operating plan
Outage scheduling
LOAD GENERATION BALANCE
Operation monitoring
AGC
Economic despatch
Reserve monitoring
Loadshed /Restoration
Production costing
POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Network Topology
State estimation
Contingency analysis
Optimal power flow
Transmission loss sensitivity factors
Post disturbance analysis

43. Dispatcher Training Simulator
Primary use:
Training of Dispatchers for routine and emergency scenario in a controlled and safe off-line manner.
Network split, blackouts
Large voltage or frequency excursions
Engineering tool for operations planning
(generation plans, network switching, etc..) and for understanding of power system behavior.

44. POWER SECTOR REFORMS
IN INDIA

45. Indian Power Sector (Pre-Reforms)
1. Vertically Integrated Utilities Generation Transmission Distribution Central Sector Generation Central Sector Transmission

46. Indian Power Sector Reforms
Thrust areas and progress SERCs constituted in out of 29 states SERCs have issued tariff orders states have unbundled their SEBs

47. Indian Power Sector Reforms (contd/-)
Thrust areas and progress states have privatised distribution states have signed MoUs with the Ministry of Power states have provided % metering at 11 kV

48. Indian Power Sector Reforms (contd/-)
Thrust areas and progress states have provided % consumer metering states have provided for anti-theft legislation

49. Thank You