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STRUCTURED INTERNALLY?

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Presentation on theme: "STRUCTURED INTERNALLY?"— Presentation transcript:

1 STRUCTURED INTERNALLY?
HOW IS THE EARTH STRUCTURED INTERNALLY?

2 The Earth’s internal structure may be divided in a variety of ways.
Objective to explain the distribution of the locations on the Earth’s surface at which internal energy is concentrated. Do internal layers behave more like “liquids” than “solids”. Focus factors governing that “change in state” of Earth materials. 10-50 km 700 km

3 10-50 km 700 km

4 Crust 10-50 km 700 km

5 Crust 10-50 km Upper Mantle 700 km

6 Crust 10-50 km Upper Mantle 700 km Lower Mantle

7 Crust 10-50 km Upper Mantle 700 km Lower Mantle Outer Core

8 Crust 10-50 km Upper Mantle 700 km Lower Mantle Outer Core Inner Core

9 10-50 km The change in state between “solids” and “liquids” is determined by the melting point of the material. 700 km Whether the Earth is solid or liquid will therefore depend on the interaction of three physical properties of the Earth at that point:

10 10-50 km Whether the Earth is solid or liquid will therefore depend on the interaction of three physical properties of the Earth at that point: 700 km Temperature

11 10-50 km Whether the Earth is solid or liquid will therefore depend on the interaction of three physical properties of the Earth at that point: 700 km Temperature Chemical composition

12 10-50 km Whether the Earth is solid or liquid will therefore depend on the interaction of three physical properties of the Earth at that point: 700 km Temperature Chemical composition Pressure

13 Cool Hot Cool Temperature Gradient Hot Crust Upper Mantle Lower Mantle
10-50 km Upper Mantle 700 km Lower Mantle Cool Outer Core Temperature Gradient Inner Core Hot

14 5500° Degrees Kelvin Crust Upper Mantle Lower Mantle Outer Core
10-50 km Upper Mantle 700 km Lower Mantle Outer Core Inner Core 5500° Degrees Kelvin

15 5200° 5500° Degrees Kelvin Crust Upper Mantle Lower Mantle Outer Core
10-50 km Upper Mantle 700 km Lower Mantle Outer Core 5200° Inner Core 5500° Degrees Kelvin

16 3600° 5200° 5500° Degrees Kelvin Crust Upper Mantle Lower Mantle
10-50 km Upper Mantle 700 km Lower Mantle 3600° Outer Core 5200° Inner Core 5500° Degrees Kelvin

17 3000° 3600° 5200° 5500° Degrees Kelvin Crust Upper Mantle Lower Mantle
10-50 km Upper Mantle 700 km Lower Mantle 3000° 3600° Outer Core 5200° Inner Core 5500° Degrees Kelvin

18 1800° 3000° 3600° 5200° 5500° Degrees Kelvin Crust Upper Mantle
10-50 km Upper Mantle 700 km 1800° Lower Mantle 3000° 3600° Outer Core 5200° Inner Core 5500° Degrees Kelvin

19 1200° 1800° 3000° 3600° 5200° 5500° Degrees Kelvin Crust Upper Mantle
10-50 km Upper Mantle 700 km 1800° Lower Mantle 3000° 3600° Outer Core 5200° Inner Core 5500° Degrees Kelvin

20 255° 1200° 1800° 3000° 3600° 5200° 5500° Degrees Kelvin Crust
10-50 km Upper Mantle 700 km 1800° Lower Mantle 3000° 3600° Outer Core 5200° Inner Core 5500° Degrees Kelvin

21 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 255° 1200° 1800° 3000° Less Dense 3600°
Crust 1200° 10-50 km Upper Mantle 700 km 1800° Lower Mantle 3000° Less Dense 3600° Outer Core Density Gradient Iron/Nickel 5200° Inner Core More Dense 5500°

22 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 255° 1200° 1800° 3000° 3600° 5200° 5500° Crust
10-50 km Upper Mantle (Sima) 700 km 1800° Lower Mantle 3000° 3600° Outer Core Iron/Nickel 5200° Inner Core 5500°

23 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 255° 1200° 1800° 3000° 3600° 5200° 5500°
Crust (Sial) 1200° 10-50 km Upper Mantle (Sima) 700 km 1800° Lower Mantle 3000° 3600° Outer Core Iron/Nickel 5200° Inner Core 5500°

24 PRESSURE 255° Atmosph. Press. 1200° 1800° 3000° Least Pressure 3600°
Crust (Sial) 1200° 10-50 km Upper Mantle (Sima) 700 km 1800° Lower Mantle 3000° Least Pressure 3600° Outer Core Temperature Gradient Iron/Nickel 5200° Inner Core Greatest Pressure 5500°

25 Atmosph. Press. 2 – 4 Million X Atmosph. Press.
255° Atmosph. Press. Crust (Sial) 1200° 10-50 km Upper Mantle (Sima) 700 km 1800° Lower Mantle 3000° 3600° Outer Core Iron/Nickel 5200° 2 – 4 Million X Atmosph. Press. Inner Core 5500°

26 CRUST UPPER MANTLE LOWER MANTLE OUTER CORE INNER CORE

27 DOMINANT STATE SOLID 255° Atmosph. Press. 1200° 1800° 3000° 3600°
Crust (Sial) 1200° 10-50 km Upper Mantle (Sima) 700 km 1800° SOLID Lower Mantle 3000° 3600° Outer Core Iron/Nickel 5200° 2 – 4 Million X Atmosph. Press. Inner Core 5500°

28 DOMINANT STATE SOLID 255° Atmosph. Press. 1200° 1800° 3000° 3600°
Crust (Sial) 1200° 10-50 km Upper Mantle (Sima) 700 km 1800° Lower Mantle 3000° 3600° Outer Core Iron/Nickel 5200° 2 – 4 Million X Atmosph. Press. SOLID Inner Core 5500°

29 DOMINANT STATE LIQUID SOLID 255° Atmosph. Press. 1200° 1800° 3000°
Crust (Sial) 1200° 10-50 km Upper Mantle (Sima) 700 km 1800° Lower Mantle 3000° 3600° Outer Core LIQUID Iron/Nickel 5200° 2 – 4 Million X Atmosph. Press. SOLID Inner Core 5500°

30 DOMINANT STATE SOLID LIQUID SOLID 255° Atmosph. Press. 1200° 1800°
Crust (Sial) 1200° 10-50 km Upper Mantle (Sima) 700 km 1800° SOLID Lower Mantle 3000° 3600° Outer Core LIQUID Iron/Nickel 5200° 2 – 4 Million X Atmosph. Press. SOLID Inner Core 5500°

31 DOMINANT STATE Partially Molten SOLID LIQUID SOLID 255° Atmosph.
Press. Crust (Sial) 1200° 10-50 km Upper Mantle (Sima) 700 km 1800° Partially Molten Asthenosphere SOLID Lower Mantle 3000° 3600° Outer Core LIQUID Iron/Nickel 5200° 2 – 4 Million X Atmosph. Press. SOLID Inner Core 5500°

32 DOMINANT STATE SOLID Partially Molten SOLID LIQUID SOLID 255° Atmosph.
Press. Crust (Sial) 1200° 10-50 km Upper Mantle (Sima) 700 km 1800° Partially Molten Asthenosphere SOLID Lower Mantle 3000° 3600° Outer Core LIQUID Iron/Nickel 5200° 2 – 4 Million X Atmosph. Press. SOLID Inner Core 5500°

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